Cell Injury

Question 1

When considering the process of cellular injury what is the CAUSE of production of excessive amount of lactic acid?
A: immunologic injury
B: nutritional injury
C: hypoxia injury
D: mechanical injury

Answer 1

C: Hypoxia injury
- the question is asking what causes the byproduct of lactic acid?
the oxygen decrease with hypoxia slows the Na/K pump so more sodium and water enter the cell causing necrosis and cell death
- decrease oxygen anaerobic produces lactic acid build up

Question 2

what is not a reversible cellular adaptation
A: hypertrophy
B: hyperplasia
C: necrosis
D: atrophy

Answer 2

C: Necrosis

cell death is not reversible

Question 3

oncosis (CELL SWELLING) is associated with which process
A: Na K pump dysfunction
B: apoptosis
C: necrosis
D: aging

Answer 3

A: Na/K pump dysfunction
- oncosis or swelling is from necrosis but it is because of the Na/K pump dysfunction that swelling occurs. Swelling does not always lead to necrosis

Question 4

What does the presence of stratified squamous epithelium in the lower trachea of the client with history of smoking indicate
A: hyperplasia
B: metaplasia
C: anaplasia
D: dysplasia

Answer 4

B: metaplasia

- the is the replacement of susceptible cells with more resistance cells

Question 5

the nurse is reviewing the lab results of a patient with bone cancer, which would the nurse expect to note in this specific disorder
A: increase WBC
B: increase calcium levels
C: decreased blood urea nitrogen levels
D: decrease plasma cells in bone marrow

Answer 5

B: increase calcium levels

• calcium in the bones if broken, calcium goes in the extracellular
• bone cancer arises from broken bone

Question 6

which is an extrinsic factor that can cause cell aging and death
A: Down syndrome
B: sickle cell anemia
C: UV radiation
D: chronic inflammation

Answer 6

C: UV radiation

- outside factor!

Question 7

Cells are able to adapt to changes in work demand or threats to survival by changing their size, number, type, and DNA composition
T/F

Answer 7

FALSE! cells can do everything listed EXCEPT change their DNA composition. If the DNA is damaged, the cell is destroyed

Question 8

Apoptotic cells death and necrosis are both pathologic forms of cell death that are unregulated and invariably injurious to the organism
T/F

Answer 8

FALSE: apoptosis is not necessarily pathologic. Can be for good or bad
Necrosis is UNREGULATED

Question 9

All mechanisms of cell injury lead to irreversible damage with cell destruction or death

Answer 9

FALSE: hypoxia is decrease oxygen levels but can be reversed