Acids and Bases

Question 1

Lethargic and difficult to arouse. IV morphine and opioid anaesthetic. respiratory rate is 10 breaths per minute.
What do they have?

Answer 1

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

- slow breathing

Question 2

pH: 7.76
pCO2: 18mmHg
HCO3: 22mEq/L

Answer 2

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

- expelling CO2, hyperventilation

Question 3

which factors in the clients medical history should the nurse identify as placing the client as risk for respiratory acidosis
A: obesity
B: prolonged vomiting
C: asthma
D: very high blood sugar
E: overuse alcohol

Answer 3

A,C,E

Question 4

3 day history of excessive vomiting. what would be the expecting findings?
A: decrease pH and increase PCO2
B: decrease pH and decrease HCO3
C: increase pH and decrease PCO2
D: increase pH and increase HCO3

Answer 4

D: increase pH and increase HCO3
- high pH more alkalotic
metabolic alkalosis, arrows equal, ph and pco2 are both pointing up but so is hco3 because it could be compensation

Question 5

MATCH:

1. Chemical buffer
2. Chemical Buffer
3. Respiratory Buffer
4. Renal Buffer

A. most effective of buffering systems but long process
B. second line of defence acting as buffer in acid/base imbalance
C. use H+ to either bind or release from blood in order to compensate for acid/base imbalance. (transcellular or compartmental exchange)

Answer 5

A. 4
B. 3
C. 1

ex: metabolic acidosis: respiratory causes hyperventilation to rid CO2 or H+ leaves blood into cell and K leaves cell into blood

ex: respiratory acidosis: metabolic system compensates
renal system makes you pee out H+ attached to Phosphorous as ammonia and phosphoric acid

Question 6

the nurse monitors the client for which clinical manifestation associated with these arterial blood gas results
(respiratory alkalosis uncompensated)
A: light headed
B: decrease respirations
C: hyperkalemia
D: tingling of extremities
E: tachycardia

Answer 6

A,D,E

respiratory alkalosis uncompensated wll have light headedness because lungs trying to rid CO2, tingling extremities because decrease Ca, and dysrhythmias because decrease K, inverting T waves