Cell Growth & Division Flashcards
Q3 BIOLOGY
Growth Factor
Any of a group of proteins that stimulate the growth of specific tissues.
Cyclin
One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle.
Apoptosis
The process of programmed cell death.
Cancer
When some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth.
Tumor
Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissues.
Embryo
Developing stage of multicellular organism.
Differentiation
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
Totipotent
Cells that are able to develop into ANY TYPE of cell found in the body.
Blastocyst
A ball of cells that forms early in a pregnancy 5-6 days after fertilization.
Pluripotent
Cells that are capable of developing into MOST, BUT NOT ALL of the body’s cell types.
Stem Cell
Unspecialized cell that can give rise to ONE OR MORE TYPES of specialized cells.
Multipotent
Cells with LIMITED POTENTIAL to develop into many types of differentiated cells.
Cell Division
The process in which a cell divides and produces 2 daughter cells.
Interphase
The in-between stage of growth during CD.
Prophase
The FIRST stage of CD, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids.
Metaphase
The SECOND stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to each other.
Anaphase
The THIRD stage of CD in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
Telophase
The FOURTH stage of CD in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
Asexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
Sexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
Chromosome
Nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromatin
A mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes.
Cell Cycle
A series that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.
Mitosis
A part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into 2 new nuclei.
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
Chromatid
One half of a duplicated chromosome.
Centromere
A constricted region of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.
Centriole
An organelle near the nucleus of a cell that organize microtubules.
