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cell functions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains the DNA which codes for protein synthesis

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2
Q

what is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

seperates the DNA from the cytoplasm

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3
Q

what is the function of the nuclear pore?

A

allows transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

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4
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus

A

synthesis of rRNA and ribosomes

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5
Q

what is the structure of ribosomes?

A

consists of 2 subunits (large and small) made from rRNA and protein

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6
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

protein synthesis

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7
Q

structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ?

A

forms of flattened sacs (cisternae) which are continuous with the nuclear membrane and may link to the golgi body

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8
Q

What is attached to the RER?

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

what is the function of the RER?

A

transports proteins which are synthesised by the ribosomes attached

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10
Q

how is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum different to the RER?

A

it does not contain ribosomes

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11
Q

what is the function of the SER?

A

the synthesis and transport of lipids

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12
Q

what is the structure of the golgi body?

A

similar the the SER+RER but is more compact

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13
Q

what is the golgi body surrounded by?

A

vesicles

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14
Q

modifies one, creates two and packages one

what are the 4 functions of the golgi body?

A
  • chemically modifies proteins
  • produces lysosomes
  • produces glycoproteins
  • packages proteins for secretion out of the cell
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15
Q

what sort of membrane does a mitochondria have?

A

a double membrane

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16
Q

what is the double membrane seperated by?

A

narrow fluid filled intermembrane space

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17
Q

what does the inner membranes folds form?

A

cistrae

18
Q

what is the interior of the mitochondrion called?

A

the matrix

19
Q

type of protein

what does the matrix contain?

A

enzymes

20
Q

what organelles does the mitochondria contain?

A

DNA and ribosomes

21
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

the site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP

22
Q

what does the cistrae increase?

A

the suface area in which part of the respiratory process takes place

23
Q

what is the structure of vesicles?

A

small membrane bound organelles

24
Q

what are the functions of vesicles?

A

acts as a contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic pressure

25
Q

structure of the plant vacuole

A

large membrane bound organelle surrounded by a tonoplast

26
Q

function of the vacuole

A

storage of ions and organic molecules

27
Q

structure of centrioles

A

consists of 2 hollow cylinders positioned at right angles to eachother

28
Q

funtion of centrioles?

A

are used in spindle formation in cell division

29
Q

structure of lysosome

A

small vacuoles formed when small portions of the golgi body are pinched off

30
Q

three functions of lysosomes

A
  • contain and isolate digestive enzymes
  • release these enzymes and destroy organelles
  • division of material taken into the cell
31
Q

what sort of membrane does a chloroplast have?

A

double membrane

32
Q

what do thykaloids look like ?

A

flattened sacs

33
Q

what do many thykaloids form?

A

granums

34
Q

what forms between the grana and thykaloids?

A

lamellae

35
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts?

A

site of photosynthesis

36
Q

what do the thykaloids contain?

A

chlorophyll

37
Q

what is the cell wall made of?

A

cellulose microfibrils in a polysaccharide matrix

38
Q

3 functions of the cell wall

A
  • freely permeable to water
  • prevents osmotic lysis
  • provides strength and support

osmotic lysis = the cell wall bursting

39
Q

structure of the plasmodesmata

A

a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passses through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

40
Q

2 functions of plasmodesmata

A
  • exchange of large organic materials
  • allows communication between adjacent cells

core concepts (9 decks)

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