Cell Form and Function

Question 1

Blood cells

Answer 1

no nucleus, donut shaped

allows to fit in tiny spaces and carry oxygen

Question 2

liver cells

Answer 2

hepatocytes. Lots of RER

protein synth

Question 3

muscles cells

Answer 3

long fibers. actin and myosin

Question 4

neruons

Answer 4

long cells. lots of vessicles (esp at end of neuron)

Question 5

mircovilli

Answer 5

inc SA for absorption

in GI tract

Question 6

cytoskeleton

Answer 6

cell skeleton.
hold organelles in position
maintain cell shape
hold cell in shape
changes in it used to change cell shape
moves organelles

Question 7

cell adhesion/junctions

Answer 7

ways cells connect to each other

Question 8

ECM

Answer 8

excreted by cells
support and stability
communication

Question 9

Epidermis

Answer 9

epidermal layer- carotinocytes
basal lamina- cell junctions that connect epidermis to underlying CT
dermis: CT. composed mostly of ECM, low cell density

Question 10

Cytoskeleton made of:

Answer 10

microtubules: made of tubulin
intermediate filaments: carotin proteins
microfilaments: actin and its interaction with motor unit myosin

Question 11

microtubules

Answer 11

largest
alpha and beta subunits. form tubulin dimer
all eukaryotes have them
long and strait

Question 12

microfilaments

Answer 12

smallest
actin monomer polymerized (subunits)
all eukaryotes have them
often just under cell membrane
supports cell membrane
traffics molecules around cell membrane
shorter, more branched

Question 13

intermediate filaments

Answer 13

fibrous filaments (subunits) strung together in cords
mostly just animal cells, not plant cells
composed of different intermediate filament proteins
Just mechanical strength (no movement)
over 100 kinds

Question 14

microtubule movement

Answer 14

cilia: small one. multiple cilia to move substances across organism membrane. Moves food
flagella: large one. 1 or 2 to move organism. Moves self
Both: center at some point
transport material around cells
ALSO: pull apart in cell division

Question 15

Cell Crawling

Answer 15

Microfilaments
Actin process
Microfilaments spread out, pushes membrane out, form lamellipodium (LEADING EDGE)
Trailing edge, drags behind
Direction depends on receptors, signals it receives
Actin fibers push out lamellapodium, trailing end contracts behind
how WBC find things to kill
free living cells finding nutrients

Question 16

Microfilaments found…

Answer 16

in epithelial cells in small intestine

microvilli: actin extensions and binding proteins

Question 17

microfilaments

Answer 17

muscle contraction
move things in cells
final separation of daughercells
ALL ACtiN RELATED PROCESSES

Question 18

lamins

Answer 18

intermediate filaments that support nucleus

Question 19

carotins

Answer 19

intermediate filaments at epithelial cells

Question 20

intermediate filaments attached at

Answer 20

desmosomes
rivets that hold cells together
attachment of intermediaterofilaments

Question 21

Defects in intermediate filaments: Epidermolysis Bullosa

Answer 21

Genetic defect in intermediate fillaments

adjacent cells very lose, light contact disrupts cells, skin flakes off

Question 22

Test for Cancer Spread

Answer 22

intermediate filaments from cancerous cells in places where they don’t belong
indicates that cell type is moving around body when it shouldnt
look at lymphatic system
indication of matastises

Question 23

Mircrotubules and Microfilaments

Answer 23

always changing
polarity:
Plus side: End that most rapidly polymerizes
Negative side: slower polymerization
can polymerized and depolymerize at BOTH ends

Question 24

polymerization

Answer 24

growing

Question 25

depolymerization

Answer 25

coming apart

Question 26

dynamic instability/ Microtubule catastrophe

Answer 26

``` in microtubules rapid depolymerization at plus end GOOD thing then rebuilds allow it to EXPLORE: defining edges cytokinesis ```

Question 27

Microtubules and Microfilaments responsible for:

Answer 27

cell movement change in cell shape movement of molecules in cells (vessivle trafficing)

Question 28

Contraction of a cell

Answer 28

ACTIN RELATED PROCESS: microfilaments actin filaments drawn closer toghether (slide) when acted upon by motor protein myosin to get myosin to run have to spend ATP conf change b/c of myosin, makes actin move (myosin stays still).

Question 29

Vessicular Movement in Cell

Answer 29

ACTIN with motor protein myosin: microfilaments Myosin walks down actin, minus to plus end. transport of vessicles ATP dependent

Question 30

Vessicular Trafficing

Answer 30

``` Microtubule towards plus or minus end. BOTH Kinesin motor protein: minus to plus Diene: plus to minus end ATP dependent ```

Question 31

Kinesin and Diene

Answer 31

froggy thing melanocytes in vessicles: When dark: they distrubute them using kinesin to look dark when light: pack melanocytes into small center and become clear. dienine

Question 32

Microtubules: Cillia and Flagella

Answer 32

9+2 9 microtubules at perimeter, 2 in center connections between them all diene arms connect. it helps to bend when needed.