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Biology 181 Module 2 > Cell Form and Function > Flashcards

Cell Form and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood cells

A

no nucleus, donut shaped

allows to fit in tiny spaces and carry oxygen

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2
Q

liver cells

A

hepatocytes. Lots of RER

protein synth

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3
Q

muscles cells

A

long fibers. actin and myosin

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4
Q

neruons

A

long cells. lots of vessicles (esp at end of neuron)

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5
Q

mircovilli

A

inc SA for absorption

in GI tract

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6
Q

cytoskeleton

A 
cell skeleton.
hold organelles in position
maintain cell shape
hold cell in shape
changes in it used to change cell shape
moves organelles
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7
Q

cell adhesion/junctions

A

ways cells connect to each other

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8
Q

ECM

A

excreted by cells
support and stability
communication

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9
Q

Epidermis

A

epidermal layer- carotinocytes
basal lamina- cell junctions that connect epidermis to underlying CT
dermis: CT. composed mostly of ECM, low cell density

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10
Q

Cytoskeleton made of:

A

microtubules: made of tubulin
intermediate filaments: carotin proteins
microfilaments: actin and its interaction with motor unit myosin

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11
Q

microtubules

A

largest
alpha and beta subunits. form tubulin dimer
all eukaryotes have them
long and strait

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12
Q

microfilaments

A 
smallest
actin monomer polymerized (subunits)
all eukaryotes have them
often just under cell membrane
supports cell membrane
traffics molecules around cell membrane
shorter, more branched
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13
Q

intermediate filaments

A

fibrous filaments (subunits) strung together in cords
mostly just animal cells, not plant cells
composed of different intermediate filament proteins
Just mechanical strength (no movement)
over 100 kinds

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14
Q

microtubule movement

A

cilia: small one. multiple cilia to move substances across organism membrane. Moves food
flagella: large one. 1 or 2 to move organism. Moves self
Both: center at some point
transport material around cells
ALSO: pull apart in cell division

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15
Q

Cell Crawling

A

Microfilaments
Actin process
Microfilaments spread out, pushes membrane out, form lamellipodium (LEADING EDGE)
Trailing edge, drags behind
Direction depends on receptors, signals it receives
Actin fibers push out lamellapodium, trailing end contracts behind
how WBC find things to kill
free living cells finding nutrients

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16
Q

Microfilaments found…

A

in epithelial cells in small intestine

microvilli: actin extensions and binding proteins

17
Q

microfilaments

A

muscle contraction
move things in cells
final separation of daughercells
ALL ACtiN RELATED PROCESSES

18
Q

lamins

A

intermediate filaments that support nucleus

19
Q

carotins

A

intermediate filaments at epithelial cells

20
Q

intermediate filaments attached at

A

desmosomes
rivets that hold cells together
attachment of intermediaterofilaments

21
Q

Defects in intermediate filaments: Epidermolysis Bullosa

A

Genetic defect in intermediate fillaments

adjacent cells very lose, light contact disrupts cells, skin flakes off

22
Q

Test for Cancer Spread

A

intermediate filaments from cancerous cells in places where they don’t belong
indicates that cell type is moving around body when it shouldnt
look at lymphatic system
indication of matastises

23
Q

Mircrotubules and Microfilaments

A

always changing
polarity:
Plus side: End that most rapidly polymerizes
Negative side: slower polymerization
can polymerized and depolymerize at BOTH ends

24
Q

polymerization

A

growing

25
Q

depolymerization

A

coming apart

26
Q

dynamic instability/ Microtubule catastrophe

A 
in microtubules
rapid depolymerization at plus end
GOOD thing
then rebuilds
allow it to EXPLORE:
defining edges
cytokinesis
27
Q

Microtubules and Microfilaments responsible for:

A

cell movement
change in cell shape
movement of molecules in cells (vessivle trafficing)

28
Q

Contraction of a cell

A

ACTIN RELATED PROCESS: microfilaments
actin filaments drawn closer toghether (slide) when acted upon by motor protein myosin
to get myosin to run have to spend ATP
conf change b/c of myosin, makes actin move (myosin stays still).

29
Q

Vessicular Movement in Cell

A

ACTIN with motor protein myosin: microfilaments
Myosin walks down actin, minus to plus end. transport of vessicles
ATP dependent

30
Q

Vessicular Trafficing

A 
Microtubule
towards plus or minus end. BOTH
Kinesin motor protein: minus to plus
Diene: plus to minus end
ATP dependent
31
Q

Kinesin and Diene

A

froggy thing
melanocytes in vessicles:
When dark: they distrubute them using kinesin to look dark
when light: pack melanocytes into small center and become clear. dienine

32
Q

Microtubules: Cillia and Flagella

A

9+2
9 microtubules at perimeter, 2 in center
connections between them all
diene arms connect. it helps to bend when needed.

Biology 181 Module 2 (6 decks)

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