cell energy vocab

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 2

glucose

Answer 2

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

Question 3

carbohydrates

Answer 3

the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.

Question 4

autotrophs

Answer 4

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

Question 5

heterotrophs

Answer 5

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 6

pigments

Answer 6

the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.

Question 7

chlorophyll

Answer 7

Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

Question 8

atp

Answer 8

the energy currency of life.

Question 9

adp

Answer 9

An organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups.

Question 10

amp

Answer 10

ADP → ATP + AMP.

Question 11

light reaction

Answer 11

the reaction of something, especially the iris of the eye, to different intensities of light.

Question 12

dark or synthesis reaction

Answer 12

make use of these organic energy molecules (ATP and NADPH).

Question 13

krebs cycle

Answer 13

the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration.

Question 14

glycolysis

Answer 14

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Question 15

respiration

Answer 15

a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Question 16

aerobic

Answer 16

relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen.

Question 17

anaerobic

Answer 17

relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

Question 18

fermentation

Answer 18

the process of fermentation involved in the making of beer, wine, and liquor, in which sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol.

Question 19

lactic acid

Answer 19

a colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.

Question 20

alchoholic fermentation

Answer 20

Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

Question 21

homeostasis

Answer 21

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

Question 22

the law of conservation of mas/energy

Answer 22

It implies that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be change from one form to another.

Question 23

chromotagraphy

Answer 23

the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which the components move at different rates.