Cell Division - DNA replication , Mutation , Mitosis,Meiosis And reproduction Flashcards
What dose Mitosis make ?
Two identical daughter cells
What enszyme is used the two orginal strands ?
Helicase
What enzyme brings in comolementary nucleic acids ?
Polymerase
What causes mutations ?
♡︎ sunlight
♡︎ smoking/ vaping
♡︎ pollution - air and water
♡︎ carcingens
♡︎ radiation
Mutations can lead to uncontrolled growth caused by either
♥︎ too much growth
♥︎ too little cell growth
♥︎ or both
What is a Mutation ?
Ant change from original sequence of DNA
What is Deletion mutations ?
During base pairing one base gets skipped
Insertion mutations
An extra base is adding to the sequence
Point mutations
The wrong base binds during complementary base pairing .
What are Proto- oncogenes ?
Turn cell division on ( gas pedal )
What are Tumor suppressors
Stop cell divisions ( brake )
Why is there not one single cure for cancer ?
❣︎ There are over 100 types of cancer
❣︎ Every type of cell uses diffrent growth signals
❣︎ every cell uses a diffrent combination of proto- oncogenes and tumor suppressors
❣︎ each person’ s cancer can have diffrent mutations
Meiosis
The process used to make sex cells for multicellular organism
What is crossing over ?
When chromosomes trade peices of DNA
What is Meiosis ?
The process used to make sex cells for multicellular organism
In Meiosis how many daughter cells are produced at the end of?
4 daughter cells
What is the difference Between meiosis and Mitosis ?
- Chromosomes trade pieces of DNA which is called crossing over
- 4 unique daughter cells 1N
What do single cell organisms Mitosis for ?
To reproduce called binary fission
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for ?
Growth , repair , Replacement
Mitosis is used for what type of reproduction ?
Asexual reproduction
What is asexual reproduction?
✧ requires only one parent
✧ offspring are clones of the parent
✧ No variation
✧ by mitosis
What are the advantages of Asexual reproduction ?
Quick , only little energy
disvantages of Asexual reproduction ?
- no variation
- all indentical so one factor can kill off the species
What are the methodes of Asexual rep ?
Binary fission , Budding , spores , Fragmntation , Parthenogenesis
