Cell Division and structure

Question 1

nucleic acid functions

Answer 1

messenger (DNA), genetic material (RNA)

Question 2

Protein functions

Answer 2

Products of genes, catalysts

Question 3

lipid functions

Answer 3

structure of cell

Question 4

carbs function

Answer 4

energy

Question 5

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes vs archaea nucleus

Answer 5

no nucleus (nulceoid), nucleus, no nucleus but closer to euk

Question 6

bigger or smaller euk or pro

Answer 6

euk bigger

Question 7

organelles euk vs pro

Answer 7

euk- membrane bound organelles

Question 8

cell wall euk vs pro

Answer 8

pro cell wall

Question 9

cells big good or bad

Answer 9

bad so lots of small ones work together

Question 10

Nucleus contents

Answer 10

envelop, pores, nucleolus (ribosomal rna), chromatin,

Question 11

Nuclear membrane outer vs inner

Answer 11

outer- what’s in and out
inner- shape

Question 12

replication vs transcription

Answer 12

replication - genome unwinds - exact same chromosomes
transcription- RNA copy

Question 13

What makes up DNA

Answer 13

sugar-phosphate backbone, hydrogen-bonded base pairs

Question 14

Chromosome structure

Answer 14

DNA + Histone = nucleosomes = chromatin = chromosomes

Question 15

DNA vs RNA sugar component

Answer 15

Deoxyribose, ribose

Question 16

DNA vs RNA base

Answer 16

Thymine vs URACIL

Question 17

function of rRNA

Answer 17

make ribosomes

Question 18

function of tRNA

Answer 18

amino acids into proteins

Question 19

Make protein how

Answer 19

mRNA + Ribosomes (tRNA, rRNA)

Question 20

Where are ribosomes

Answer 20

free in cytoplasm and in rough ER

Question 21

Cytosol

Answer 21

fluid between membrane bound organelle and nucleus

Question 22

Cytoplasm

Answer 22

Organelles and cytosol

Question 23

Cytoskeleton components

Answer 23

actin, intermediate, microtubules

Question 24

Actin filaments function

Answer 24

movement in cell

Question 25

intermediate filaments function

Answer 25

anchor

Question 26

microtubules function

Answer 26

forms centrosomes and separates in cell division

Question 27

Rough ER

Answer 27

protein synthesis ribosomes + modification

Question 28

smooth ER

Answer 28

lipid synthesis for membranes

Question 29

Folds in ER

Answer 29

cisternae

Question 30

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 30

Directs traffic inside cell

Question 31

Cis face Golgi

Answer 31

receives

Question 32

trans face Golgi

Answer 32

ships

Question 33

Whats added to proteins in Golgi

Answer 33

phosphates, sugars

Question 34

Endocytosis

Answer 34

vesicle emerges from membrane into cell

Question 35

Lysosome function

Answer 35

degrades and recycles

Question 36

autophagy

Answer 36

recycling old organelles

Question 37

phagocytosis

Answer 37

food into cell, lysosomes digest

Question 38

how does water pass through bi-layer

Answer 38

osmosis

Question 39

pinocytosis

Answer 39

endocytosis for nutrients

Question 40

bacterial cell target for antibiotics

Answer 40

cell wall

Question 41

flagella and pillae function

Answer 41

movement

Question 42

gram negative vs positive cell wall

Answer 42

negative - no peptidoglycan positive- yes

Question 43

centromere

Answer 43

holds sister chromatids together

Question 44

cytokinesis

Answer 44

separation of sister chromatids, cytoplasm divides

Question 45

mitotic spindle

Answer 45

(microtubule fibres) pulls sister chromatids away from eachother

Question 46

Centrosome

Answer 46

spindles+ centriole

Question 47

centriole

Answer 47

L shaped molecules in centrosome

Question 48

Aster microtubules

Answer 48

short spindles

Question 49

Spindle microtubules target

Answer 49

kinetochore of centromere

Question 50

depolymerisation

Answer 50

kinetochores MT shorten

Question 51

cleavage furrow

Answer 51

formed by push pull action of spindles

Question 52

what stage of cell cycle does mitosis occur

Answer 52

M phase

Question 53

Rest of Cell cycle

Answer 53

G1, S, G2

Question 54

order of mitosis

Answer 54

prophase, pro-metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 55

What occurs in interphase

Answer 55

growth, dna replication, centrosome duplication (2 L shapes)

Question 56

Prophase what occurs

Answer 56

Sister chromatids and spindles

Question 57

pro-meta phase what occurs

Answer 57

nucleus membrane dissolves, microtubules to kinetochore

Question 58

metaphase what occurs

Answer 58

chromosome pairs aligned on metaphase plate, spindle forms plate and symmetry

Question 59

Anaphase what occurs

Answer 59

sister chromatids separated, microtubules depolymerised

Question 60

telophase what occurs

Answer 60

nucleus reforms membrane, cytokinesis

Question 61

G1 phase

Answer 61

1 centrosome, correct number of chromosomes

Question 62

S phase

Answer 62

copy of DNA made

Question 63

G2 phase

Answer 63

2 centrosomes formed

Question 64

G0 phase

Answer 64

checkpoint

Question 65

apoptosis

Answer 65

programmed cell death

Question 66

G2 Checkpoint

Answer 66

ensures not cancerous etc

Question 67

M checkpoint location

Answer 67

after anaphase

Question 68

location of 3 cell checkpoints

Answer 68

G0,G2,M (anaphase)

Question 69

Meiosis forms because of

Answer 69

Sperm and egg cells

Question 70

diploids

Answer 70

2 of each chromosome

Question 71

steps of meiosis

Answer 71

1 cell 2 chromosomes duplicated, cell divides (2 chromosomes in each), cell divides again (1 in each) = 4 daughter cells