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Biology flashcards > Cell Division and structure > Flashcards

Cell Division and structure Flashcards

1
Q

nucleic acid functions

A

messenger (DNA), genetic material (RNA)

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2
Q

Protein functions

A

Products of genes, catalysts

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3
Q

lipid functions

A

structure of cell

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4
Q

carbs function

A

energy

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5
Q

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes vs archaea nucleus

A

no nucleus (nulceoid), nucleus, no nucleus but closer to euk

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6
Q

bigger or smaller euk or pro

A

euk bigger

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7
Q

organelles euk vs pro

A

euk- membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

cell wall euk vs pro

A

pro cell wall

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9
Q

cells big good or bad

A

bad so lots of small ones work together

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10
Q

Nucleus contents

A

envelop, pores, nucleolus (ribosomal rna), chromatin,

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11
Q

Nuclear membrane outer vs inner

A

outer- what’s in and out
inner- shape

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12
Q

replication vs transcription

A

replication - genome unwinds - exact same chromosomes
transcription- RNA copy

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13
Q

What makes up DNA

A

sugar-phosphate backbone, hydrogen-bonded base pairs

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14
Q

Chromosome structure

A

DNA + Histone = nucleosomes = chromatin = chromosomes

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15
Q

DNA vs RNA sugar component

A

Deoxyribose, ribose

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16
Q

DNA vs RNA base

A

Thymine vs URACIL

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17
Q

function of rRNA

A

make ribosomes

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18
Q

function of tRNA

A

amino acids into proteins

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19
Q

Make protein how

A

mRNA + Ribosomes (tRNA, rRNA)

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20
Q

Where are ribosomes

A

free in cytoplasm and in rough ER

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21
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid between membrane bound organelle and nucleus

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22
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Organelles and cytosol

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23
Q

Cytoskeleton components

A

actin, intermediate, microtubules

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24
Q

Actin filaments function

A

movement in cell

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25
Q

intermediate filaments function

A

anchor

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26
Q

microtubules function

A

forms centrosomes and separates in cell division

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27
Q

Rough ER

A

protein synthesis ribosomes + modification

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28
Q

smooth ER

A

lipid synthesis for membranes

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29
Q

Folds in ER

A

cisternae

30
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

Directs traffic inside cell

31
Q

Cis face Golgi

A

receives

32
Q

trans face Golgi

A

ships

33
Q

Whats added to proteins in Golgi

A

phosphates, sugars

34
Q

Endocytosis

A

vesicle emerges from membrane into cell

35
Q

Lysosome function

A

degrades and recycles

36
Q

autophagy

A

recycling old organelles

37
Q

phagocytosis

A

food into cell, lysosomes digest

38
Q

how does water pass through bi-layer

A

osmosis

39
Q

pinocytosis

A

endocytosis for nutrients

40
Q

bacterial cell target for antibiotics

A

cell wall

41
Q

flagella and pillae function

A

movement

42
Q

gram negative vs positive cell wall

A

negative - no peptidoglycan positive- yes

43
Q

centromere

A

holds sister chromatids together

44
Q

cytokinesis

A

separation of sister chromatids, cytoplasm divides

45
Q

mitotic spindle

A

(microtubule fibres) pulls sister chromatids away from eachother

46
Q

Centrosome

A

spindles+ centriole

47
Q

centriole

A

L shaped molecules in centrosome

48
Q

Aster microtubules

A

short spindles

49
Q

Spindle microtubules target

A

kinetochore of centromere

50
Q

depolymerisation

A

kinetochores MT shorten

51
Q

cleavage furrow

A

formed by push pull action of spindles

52
Q

what stage of cell cycle does mitosis occur

A

M phase

53
Q

Rest of Cell cycle

A

G1, S, G2

54
Q

order of mitosis

A

prophase, pro-metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

55
Q

What occurs in interphase

A

growth, dna replication, centrosome duplication (2 L shapes)

56
Q

Prophase what occurs

A

Sister chromatids and spindles

57
Q

pro-meta phase what occurs

A

nucleus membrane dissolves, microtubules to kinetochore

58
Q

metaphase what occurs

A

chromosome pairs aligned on metaphase plate, spindle forms plate and symmetry

59
Q

Anaphase what occurs

A

sister chromatids separated, microtubules depolymerised

60
Q

telophase what occurs

A

nucleus reforms membrane, cytokinesis

61
Q

G1 phase

A

1 centrosome, correct number of chromosomes

62
Q

S phase

A

copy of DNA made

63
Q

G2 phase

A

2 centrosomes formed

64
Q

G0 phase

A

checkpoint

65
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

66
Q

G2 Checkpoint

A

ensures not cancerous etc

67
Q

M checkpoint location

A

after anaphase

68
Q

location of 3 cell checkpoints

A

G0,G2,M (anaphase)

69
Q

Meiosis forms because of

A

Sperm and egg cells

70
Q

diploids

A

2 of each chromosome

71
Q

steps of meiosis

A

1 cell 2 chromosomes duplicated, cell divides (2 chromosomes in each), cell divides again (1 in each) = 4 daughter cells

Biology flashcards (3 decks)

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