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Biology flashcards > Cell Division and structure > Flashcards

Cell Division and structure Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

nucleic acid functions

A

messenger (DNA), genetic material (RNA)

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2
Q

Protein functions

A

Products of genes, catalysts

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3
Q

lipid functions

A

structure of cell

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4
Q

carbs function

A

energy

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5
Q

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes vs archaea nucleus

A

no nucleus (nulceoid), nucleus, no nucleus but closer to euk

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6
Q

bigger or smaller euk or pro

A

euk bigger

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7
Q

organelles euk vs pro

A

euk- membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

cell wall euk vs pro

A

pro cell wall

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9
Q

cells big good or bad

A

bad so lots of small ones work together

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10
Q

Nucleus contents

A

envelop, pores, nucleolus (ribosomal rna), chromatin,

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11
Q

Nuclear membrane outer vs inner

A

outer- what’s in and out
inner- shape

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12
Q

replication vs transcription

A

replication - genome unwinds - exact same chromosomes
transcription- RNA copy

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13
Q

What makes up DNA

A

sugar-phosphate backbone, hydrogen-bonded base pairs

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14
Q

Chromosome structure

A

DNA + Histone = nucleosomes = chromatin = chromosomes

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15
Q

DNA vs RNA sugar component

A

Deoxyribose, ribose

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16
Q

DNA vs RNA base

A

Thymine vs URACIL

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17
Q

function of rRNA

A

make ribosomes

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18
Q

function of tRNA

A

amino acids into proteins

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19
Q

Make protein how

A

mRNA + Ribosomes (tRNA, rRNA)

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20
Q

Where are ribosomes

A

free in cytoplasm and in rough ER

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21
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid between membrane bound organelle and nucleus

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22
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Organelles and cytosol

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23
Q

Cytoskeleton components

A

actin, intermediate, microtubules

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24
Q

Actin filaments function

A

movement in cell

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25
intermediate filaments function
anchor
26
microtubules function
forms centrosomes and separates in cell division
27
Rough ER
protein synthesis ribosomes + modification
28
smooth ER
lipid synthesis for membranes
29
Folds in ER
cisternae
30
Golgi apparatus function
Directs traffic inside cell
31
Cis face Golgi
receives
32
trans face Golgi
ships
33
Whats added to proteins in Golgi
phosphates, sugars
34
Endocytosis
vesicle emerges from membrane into cell
35
Lysosome function
degrades and recycles
36
autophagy
recycling old organelles
37
phagocytosis
food into cell, lysosomes digest
38
how does water pass through bi-layer
osmosis
39
pinocytosis
endocytosis for nutrients
40
bacterial cell target for antibiotics
cell wall
41
flagella and pillae function
movement
42
gram negative vs positive cell wall
negative - no peptidoglycan positive- yes
43
centromere
holds sister chromatids together
44
cytokinesis
separation of sister chromatids, cytoplasm divides
45
mitotic spindle
(microtubule fibres) pulls sister chromatids away from eachother
46
Centrosome
spindles+ centriole
47
centriole
L shaped molecules in centrosome
48
Aster microtubules
short spindles
49
Spindle microtubules target
kinetochore of centromere
50
depolymerisation
kinetochores MT shorten
51
cleavage furrow
formed by push pull action of spindles
52
what stage of cell cycle does mitosis occur
M phase
53
Rest of Cell cycle
G1, S, G2
54
order of mitosis
prophase, pro-metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
55
What occurs in interphase
growth, dna replication, centrosome duplication (2 L shapes)
56
Prophase what occurs
Sister chromatids and spindles
57
pro-meta phase what occurs
nucleus membrane dissolves, microtubules to kinetochore
58
metaphase what occurs
chromosome pairs aligned on metaphase plate, spindle forms plate and symmetry
59
Anaphase what occurs
sister chromatids separated, microtubules depolymerised
60
telophase what occurs
nucleus reforms membrane, cytokinesis
61
G1 phase
1 centrosome, correct number of chromosomes
62
S phase
copy of DNA made
63
G2 phase
2 centrosomes formed
64
G0 phase
checkpoint
65
apoptosis
programmed cell death
66
G2 Checkpoint
ensures not cancerous etc
67
M checkpoint location
after anaphase
68
location of 3 cell checkpoints
G0,G2,M (anaphase)
69
Meiosis forms because of
Sperm and egg cells
70
diploids
2 of each chromosome
71
steps of meiosis
1 cell 2 chromosomes duplicated, cell divides (2 chromosomes in each), cell divides again (1 in each) = 4 daughter cells

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