Cell division and stem cells

Question 1

Differentiation

Answer 1

the process by which cells attain distinct and different forms and functions.

Question 2

Specialised cells

Answer 2

Cells that have structures/ adaptions that allow them to do a particular function.

Question 3

Pluripotent

Answer 3

Have the ability to differentiate into all different types of cells in the body. e.g. stem cells.

Question 4

Meristems

Answer 4

regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division.

Question 5

Embryonic stem cell pros.

Answer 5

1. Painless
2. Plentiful supply
   3.Can treat a wide variety of diseases
3. Less wastage.

Question 6

Embryonic stem cell cons.

Answer 6

1. Embryos can’t consent.
2. Harm to the embryos.
3. Could cause cancer.
4. Long term effects unknown.

Question 7

Adult bone marrow pros

Answer 7

1. Tried and tested
2. Quick recovery
3. Consent can be given.
4. Low risk

Question 8

Adult bone marrow cons

Answer 8

1. Painful
2. Operation hazards
3. Few types of tissue produced.

Question 9

Functions of mitosis

Answer 9

1. Growth of tissues.
2. Repair of tissues
   3.Reproduction.
   –> (binary fissions in unicellular organisms)

Question 10

Stages of the cell cycle

Answer 10

G1, S, G2, M

Question 11

Stages of mitosis

Answer 11

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

Chromosomes form as chromatids are copied.

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

Chromosomes line up in the middle as the cell grows larger and spindles form.

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

Chromatids separate and the nucleus divides

Question 15

Telophase

Answer 15

Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles and cell begins to split.

Question 16

Cytokinesis

Answer 16

Cytoplasm separates mitosis is over and two daughter cells remain.

Question 17

Apoptosis

Answer 17

Self-destruction due to mutations in the cell.

Question 18

Function of G1

Answer 18

Checks if the cell is growing correctly.

Question 19

Function of G2

Answer 19

Checks if the DNA has been replicated correctly.

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

g1, s, g2. 905of the cell cycle

Question 19

Function of S

Answer 19

Synthesis - each chromosome is duplicated.

Question 19

Cell limbo

Answer 19

A cell pauses to fix an issue found.