Cell Division Flashcards
Cell Division
When a cell is becoming two large, it divides itself into 2 daughter cells.
Before Cell Division
The cell replicates all of its DNA. This way, each daughter cell has a complete set of DNA.
Mitosis
The first stage of cell division.
Cytokinesis
The second stage of cell division
Chromosomes
Genetic information from one cell to the next generation of cells is carried by chromosomes
Interphase
In between period of growth during cell division
Divided into three phases: G1, S, G2
Chromatids
Sisters that make up the chromosomes
Centromeres
Each pair of chromatids is attached to an area called the centromere, usually located near the middle of the chromatids
Cell Cycle
Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
G1 Phase
Cells do most of their growing
First phase of cell division
S Phase
Chromosomes are replicated, and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place
Second phase of cell division
G2 Phase
Many organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
Third phase of cell division
Mitosis
Four phases:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Prophase
First phase of mitosis
The chromosomes become visible, and the centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.
Metaphase
Second phase of mitosis
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Anaphase
Third phase of mitosis
The centromeres split, allowing chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes
The chromosomes move until they form two groups near the poles of the spindle
Telophase
Fourth and final phase of mitosis
A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus
Spindle
A fan like microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is when two nuclei, each with a duplicate set of chromosomes, are formed.
