Cell Division

Question 1

how many cells are produced by an adult human body every day?

Answer 1

2 trillon

Question 2

what type of cell is more efficient? why?

Answer 2

small; larger surface area and less volume

Question 3

3 reasons why eukaryotic cells reproduce/ divide?

Answer 3

1. grow and develop
2. replace old/ damaged/ dead cells
3. produce gametes needed for reproduction

Question 4

gametes

Answer 4

the sex cells

Question 5

somatic cells

Answer 5

the body cells (skin, nerve, bone, heart, etc.)

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

deoxyribosenucleic acid that is the code for the traits of an organism

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

segment of DNA that codes for a protein that provides an organism with a trait

Question 8

chromosome

Answer 8

a threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next and is made of many gene

Question 9

chromatin

Answer 9

granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Question 10

2 sister chromatids

Answer 10

identical copies of DNA

Question 11

centromere

Answer 11

where sister chromatids meet

Question 12

n

Answer 12

total of DIFFERENT chromosomes an organism has

Question 13

diploid

Answer 13

have 2 sets of chromosomes (2n) this includes all somatic cells

Question 14

haploid

Answer 14

has only one set of chromosomes (1n) and is only gametes

Question 15

a human has _ copies of _ different chromosomes, thus a human cell had a total of _ chromosomes

Answer 15

2 copies of 23 chromosomes w/ a total of 46

Question 16

homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

chromosomes that are the same in size, shape, and gene location.

Question 17

you get one set of genes from both of who?

Answer 17

1 from mom and 1 from dad

Question 18

haploid # in a human gamete is written

Answer 18

1n=23

Question 19

diploid # in a human somatic cell is written

Answer 19

2n=46

Question 20

fertilization

Answer 20

the fusion of the sperm cell and egg cell

Question 21

what is the name of the cell that is formed during fertilization?

Answer 21

zygote

Question 22

does every species have 46 chromosomes like humans?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

each species had a _ # of chromosomes

Answer 23

different

Question 24

autosomes

Answer 24

chromosomes that are not related to determin the gender (sex) of an organism (determines other traits)

Question 25

sex chromosomes

Answer 25

x or y; determine the gender (sex) of the organism (#23)

Question 26

male=

Answer 26

xy

Question 27

female=

Answer 27

xx

Question 28

who determines the sex of the child? why?

Answer 28

dad; had both x and y while mom only has x’s

Question 29

Do all species follow the XX female and XY male gender determination?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

Karyotype

Answer 30

made by taking (generally) white blood cells from the organism and looked at during metaphase, then they take pics of the chromosomes and organise according to homologous chromosomes and match up according to size, shape,and gene