Cell Division Flashcards
how many cells are produced by an adult human body every day?
2 trillon
what type of cell is more efficient? why?
small; larger surface area and less volume
3 reasons why eukaryotic cells reproduce/ divide?
- grow and develop
- replace old/ damaged/ dead cells
- produce gametes needed for reproduction
gametes
the sex cells
somatic cells
the body cells (skin, nerve, bone, heart, etc.)
DNA
deoxyribosenucleic acid that is the code for the traits of an organism
gene
segment of DNA that codes for a protein that provides an organism with a trait
chromosome
a threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next and is made of many gene
chromatin
granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
2 sister chromatids
identical copies of DNA
centromere
where sister chromatids meet
n
total of DIFFERENT chromosomes an organism has
diploid
have 2 sets of chromosomes (2n) this includes all somatic cells
haploid
has only one set of chromosomes (1n) and is only gametes
a human has _ copies of _ different chromosomes, thus a human cell had a total of _ chromosomes
2 copies of 23 chromosomes w/ a total of 46
homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that are the same in size, shape, and gene location.
you get one set of genes from both of who?
1 from mom and 1 from dad
haploid # in a human gamete is written
1n=23
diploid # in a human somatic cell is written
2n=46
fertilization
the fusion of the sperm cell and egg cell
what is the name of the cell that is formed during fertilization?
zygote
does every species have 46 chromosomes like humans?
no
each species had a _ # of chromosomes
different
autosomes
chromosomes that are not related to determin the gender (sex) of an organism (determines other traits)
sex chromosomes
x or y; determine the gender (sex) of the organism (#23)
male=
xy
female=
xx
who determines the sex of the child? why?
dad; had both x and y while mom only has x’s
Do all species follow the XX female and XY male gender determination?
no
Karyotype
made by taking (generally) white blood cells from the organism and looked at during metaphase, then they take pics of the chromosomes and organise according to homologous chromosomes and match up according to size, shape,and gene
