Cell Division Flashcards
Name the 3 stages of interphase
G1, S and G2
Describe what happens in G1
Synthesis of new organelles, cell growth, cell differentiation, protein synthesis
Describe what happens in S phase
DNA replication
Describe what happens in G2
The cytoskeleton of the cell breaks down
Materials needed for spindle fibre formation begin to assemble
Name the 4 stages of mitosis in order
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
Name the stages in the cell cycle
Interphase and mitosis
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a daughter cell have?
46
How many divisions of mitosis would have to occur to produce 8 daughter cells?
3
Describe a chromosome after DNA replication
Two sister chromatids held together by a centromere
Describe what happens during prophase
- Chromosomes become more visible, shorter and thicker
- Spindle fibres develop from centrioles at the poles of the cell
- The nuclear envelope breaks down
- Chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm
Describe what happens during metaphase
Chromosomes/chromatids are arranged across the equator of the cell, attached to spindle fibres
Describe what happens during anaphase
Spindle fibres retract to the poles of the cell
Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
Describe what happens during telophase
Chromosomes are at the poles of the cell
Nuclear membrane reforms
Cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis)
By what process do prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary fision
How do virus’s replicate?
Virus’s inject viral nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) into a host cell, then use the hosts cell replication machinery to produce new viral nucleic acid and protein coats.
