Cell Division Flashcards
What is mitosis?
The replication of cells to repair damage and growth. It can also be used for asexual reproduction.
What is a diploid?
A cell with a full set of chromosomes.
What is meiosis?
The replication/production of gametes for reproduction.
State how mitosis helps to maintain healthy body tissues.
Mitosis replicated cells which are genetically identical to the cells needed in order to replace said damaged cells.
Define the term clone.
A genetic organism whose genetic code is identical to that of the organism from which it was created.
In the first step of mitosis, what occurs?
DNA replication (double up): there are now double chromosomes.
In mitosis, what is the stage that takes place after DNA replication?
The double chromosomes line up along the equator in a single file line (line up): spindles attach to the double chromosomes.
In mitosis, what is the stage that takes place after the chromosomes line up along the equator?
(Pull apart) The chromosomes are ripped apart by the spindles at the centromere: they are pulled to the poles.
In mitosis, what is the stage that takes place after the chromosomes are pulled apart at the centromere?
(Split) the cytoplasm splits in two: two diploid daughter cells are created which are genetically identical to the original cell.
What is a parent cell?
The original cell.
In Meiosis, what is the first stage?
(Double up) DNA replication.
In meiosis, what is the stage after DNA replication?
Line up: line up in pairs along the equator
In meiosis, what is the stage after the chromosomes line up along the equator?
Pulled apart by spinal fibres as double chromatids at the centromere.
In meiosis, what is the stage after they are pulled apart?
The cells split. The chromosomes in these cells line up, pull apart and split again. This results in 4 haploid daughter cells.
What does haploid mean?
Haploid is half the amount of chromosomes present.
