Cell Division Flashcards
What are the two stages of the cell cycle?
Mitosis and Interphase
Name the three phases in interphase
- G1 phase
- S(ynthesis) phase
- G2 phase
What happens during the G1 phase of interphase
- Cell size increases
- Cytoplasm volume increases
- Organelle replicate
- Protein synthesis occurs
What happens during the S phase of interphase
- DNA synthesis
- Chromosomes are replicated
What happens during the G2 phase of interphase
- Cell size increases
- Energy stores increase
- Organelles replicate
- Protein synthesis occurs
What happens overall in mitosis?
The chromosomes separate into two nuclei
What happens overall in cytokinesis?
The cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
State the two reasons why a cell may enter the G0 phase
Differentiation
Cell is damaged beyond repair
What is the function of the cell cycle checkpoints?
To control the cell cycle
Explain why does differentiation cause cells to enter G0?
- When a cell differentiates and becomes specialised to carry out a particular function and is no longer able to divide.
- It enters G0 where is carries out its function indefinetely
Explain why does cell damage cause cells to enter G0?
When a cell is damaged beyond repair it means that cell division is no longer viable.
The cell will enter a state of permanent cell arrest
The cell will then undergo apoptosis*
*programmed cell DEATH aww
