cell division Flashcards
what is the smallest until of life?
cell
what is the biggest organelle of a eukaryotic cell?
a nucleus
what is found in the nucleus?
DNA
what is DNA and what does it stand for?
DNA contains genetic material and it stands for DEOXY RIBO NUCLEIC ACID
what does DNA look like inside of a nucleus?
DNA looks like a double stranded of ladder and jumble up like a ball of yarn
what is genetic material?
genetic material are genes or traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring
how does DNA grow and develop and reproduce?
DNA reproduce through stages called INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS
what happens during INTERPHASE?
INTERPHASE is when DNA develops and goes through replication
what does REPLICATION mean?
copy or duplicate
what happens during REPLICATION?
DNA replicates itself and wrap up tightly and neatly into chromatid
what is a chromatid?
a DNA that is neatly wrap up (TWO CHROMATIN/singular: chromatids)
what is a CHROMOSOME?
when DNA wraps around a protein, it is called a chromosome
how many chromosomes do humans have?
humans have 46 chromosomes
how many chromosomes does each parent pass on to their offspring?
23 chromosomes come from each parent
each segment of DNA is known as a what?
gene
what does a gene contain?
genetic traits
what happens during MITOSIS?
during MITOSIS, chromosomes go through 5 phases
what are the 5 phases of mitosis?
ph 1: PROPHASE; ph 2: METAPHASE; ph 3: ANAPHASE; ph 4: TELOPHASE; ph 5: CYTOKINESIS
what happens during each phase?
phase 1: PROPHASE-chromosomes appear
what happens during each phase?
phase 2: METAPHASE-chromosomes line up
what happens during each phase?
phase 3: ANAPHASE-chromosomes separate
what happens during each phase?
phase 4: TELOPHASE-chromosomes pinch
what happens during each phase?
phase 5: CYTOKINESIS-two mew daughter cells form
how many chromosomes do humans sex cells have?
23 chromosomes in each sex cell (egg or sperm)
how many chromosomes do humans body cells have?
46 chromosomes in each cells
what do you call a cell with a full set of chromosomes (46)?
a DIPLOID cell
what do you call a cell with a HALF set of chromosomes (23)?
a HAPLOID cell
do bacteria cells go through mitosis like the eukaryotic cells?
no, bacteria cells do not have nucleus
how do bacteria cells divide?
bacteria cells split in half called BINARY FISSION
why do our body cells divide?
our body cells divide to replace dead cells, to grow, to develop
what is the name of the DNA backbone called?
sugar phosphate
name all 4 of the DNA bases
guanine; cytosine; thymine; adenine
what DNA base pairs with Thymine? and Guanine?
Guanine=Cytosine Thymine=Adenine
