Cell division Flashcards
what is the smallest unit of life?
cell
what is found in the nucleus?
DNA
What is DNA and what does it stand for?
DNA contains genetic material and it stands for DEOXY RIBO NUCLEIC ACID
What does DNA look like inside a nucleus?
DNA looks like a double stranded of ladder and jumble up like a ball of yarn
what is the biggest organelle of a eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
what is genetic material?
Genetic material are genes or traits that can be passed on from parent to offspring
How does DNA grow and develop and reproduce?
DNA reproduce through stages called INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS
what happens during INTERPHASE?
INTERPHASE is when DNA develops and goes through replication
what does REPLICATION mean ?
copy or duplicate
what happens during REPLICATION?
DNA replicates itself and wrap up tightly and neatly into chromatid
What is chromatid?
A DNA that is neatly wrap(two CHROMATIN/singular;chromatids)
what is chromosome?
When DNA wraps around a protein,it is called a chromosome
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does each parent pass on to their offspring?
23 chromosomes from each parent
Each segment of DNA is known as a what?
Gene
What does a gene contain?
genetic traits
what are the 5 phrases of mitosis?
ph:1 PROPHASE; ph: METAPHASE; ph 3: ANAPHASE; ph4: TELOPHASE; ph5: cytokinesis
what happens during MITOSIS?
during MITOSIS,chromosomes go through 5 phases
what happens during each phase?
phase 1: PROPHASE- chromosomes appear
what happens during each phase?
phase 2 : METAPHASE- chromosomes line up
what happens during each phase?
Phase 3: ANAPHASE - chromosomes seperate
what happens during each phase?
Phase:4 TELOPHASE-chromosomes pinch
what happens during each phase?
Phase:5: CYTOKINESIS-two new daughter cells form
How many cells do human sex cells have?
23 Chromosomes in each sex cell ( egg or sperm)
how many cells do human body cells have?
46 Chromosomes in each cells
what do you call a cell with a full set of chromosomes (46)?
a DIPLOID cell
what do you call a cell with half set of chromosomes(23) ?
a HAPLOID cell
Do bacteria cells go through mitosis like the eukaryotic cells?
no, bacteria does not have nucleus
how do bacteria cells divide?
bacteria splits in half BINARY FISSION
why do our body cells divide?
our body cells divide to replace dead cells,to grow and develop
what is the name of the DNA backbone called?
sugar phosphate
name all 4 DNA bases
guanine,cytosine,thymine,adenine
what DNA bases pair up with thymine and guanine
guanine=cytosine
Thymine = Adenine
