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Biology > Cell division > Flashcards

Cell division Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell continuity definition

A

All cells can develop from pre existing cells

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2
Q

Chromosome definition

A

Coiled threads of DNA and protein that become visible in the nucleus at cell division

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3
Q

Gene definition

A

Section of DNA that contains the instructions for the formation of a protein

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4
Q

Haploid definition

A

1 set of chromosomes in the nucleus. For example Sex cells (n)

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5
Q

Cell cycle definition

A

Changes that take place in a cell during the period between 1 cell division and the next

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5
Q

Homologous pair definition

A

2 chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes (bone cells)

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6
Q

Diploid definition

A

2 sets of chromosomes in the nucleus. For example muscle cells. (2n)

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7
Q

Mitosis definition

A

Form of nuclear division in which 1 nucleus divides to from 2 nuclei each containing the same number of chromosomes with identical genes

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8
Q

Order of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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8
Q

Interphase definition

A

Phase in the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing. Cells are making copies of their DNA and cell organelles.

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9
Q

Prophase steps

A

Chromatin contracts
Chromosomes seen as 2 strands held together at centromere
Nucleus disappears
Spindle fibres appear
Nuclear membrane/envelope breaks down

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10
Q

Metaphase steps

A

Nuclear membrane is broken down
2 spindle fibres attach to each centromere
Chromosomes line up along equator

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10
Q

Anaphase steps

A

Spindle fibres contract
Equal number of identical chromosomes is pulled to each pole

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11
Q

Telophase steps

A

Chromosomes elongate to form chromatin
Spindle fibres breakdown
Nucleoli reform (envelope)
2 nuclear membranes form

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12
Q

Function of mitosis in a single celled organism

A

Asexual reproduction (amoeba/bacteria)

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13
Q

Function of mitosis in a multicellular organism

A

Growth and repair (zygote and embryo)

14
Q

Cancer definition

A

Group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control both the rate of mitosis and the number of times mitosis takes place

15
Q

Possible causes of cancer

A

Carcinogens
1. Smoking
2. Radiation exposure
3. Tanning beds

16
Q

Meiosis definition

A

Form of nuclear division where 4 daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome number of the parent nucleus

17
Q

Function of meiosis in multicellular organisms

A
  1. Sexual reproduction (gametes)
  2. New combination of genes formed (variation)
18
Q

What happens during mitosis and meiosis in plant cells

A

Vesicles gather to form a cell plate which forms new cell walls

19
Q

What happens during mitosis and meiosis in animal cells

A

A cleavage furrow forms and deepens to produce 2 new cells

Biology (2 decks)

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