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Biology Module 2 > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main stages of cell division?

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokenisis

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2
Q

What are the 3 stages of interphase?

A

G1, S, G2

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3
Q

What happens in each of the stages of interphase?

A

G1: organelles are duplicated
S: DNA replicated
G2: cell checked for errors and repaired

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4
Q

What is the G0 phase used for?

A

Specialisation and differentiation

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5
Q

What happens at each check point in the cell cycle?

A

G1: cell size and nutrients
G2: cell size and DNA

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6
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes coil up

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7
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes allign on the metaphase plate in homologous pairs

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8
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

The spindle fibres attached to centromere and contract pulling chromatids to poles

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9
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

The nuclear envelope re builds

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10
Q

What happens during cytokenisis?

A

The cytoplasm splits with organelles

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11
Q

What does meiosis create?

A

Gametes, 4 haploid cells

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12
Q

What does mitosis create?

A

2 diploid cells

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13
Q

What is crossing over and when does it occur?

A

When a maternal gene deals with the complementary paternal gene during prophase 1

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14
Q

What is independent assortment and when does it occur?

A

When the homologous pairs align on metaphase plate randomly during metaphase 1 and 2

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15
Q

Where are stem cells created?

A

G0

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16
Q

What is potency?

A

The ability to divide and differentiate

17
Q

What does totipotent mean?

A

Can differentiate into any cell, found in zygotes

18
Q

What does pluripotent mean?

A

Can form any tissue but not whole organisms, found in embryos

19
Q

What does multipotent mean?

A

Can only form cells within certain tissues

20
Q

Where are stem cells found in plants?

A

Meristems

21
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Muscle, nervous, epithelial, connective

22
Q

What are stem cells used for?

A

Treatment of diseases

23
Q

What is the equation for Calculating mitotic index?

A

MI = ( number of cells with condensed chromosomes ÷ total number of cells ) × 100

24
Q

What is the equation for Calculating mitotic index?

A

MI = ( number of cells with condensed chromosomes ÷ total number of cells ) × 100

Biology Module 2 (5 decks)

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