Cell division Flashcards
Loving vs non-living
Living- can reproduce. Nonliving- can not reproduce
what is Unicellular
organisms in prokaryotes
The DNA is not contained in the nucleus. It is a single chromosome that consists of a circular DNA molecule
Unicellular
organisms in eukaryotes
This unicellular organism reproduces by longitudinal cell division so one cell gives 2 identical cells
A typical human cell has how many meters of
DNA
2
The Prokaryote genome is contained into what
1 single DNA molecule
The Eukaryotic genome is contained in what
many molecules of DNA called chromosomes
what is a Genome
Is the entire collection of genes characteristic of a particular species. (23 chromosomes = 1 set of chromosomes or 1n)
what is a Haploid
A cell containing only 1 set of chromosomes
what is a Polyploid
A cell containing more than 2 sets of chromosomes
how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cell contain
2 sets of Chromosomes = 2n one set from each parent (gamete)
Cells in our bodies that contain only 1 set of chromosomes
gamete cells (23 Chromos.
Cells in our body that carry 2 sets of chromosomes
Somatic cells (46 chromos)
Important definitions
Diploid cell contains 2 sets of chromosomes- one from each parent
Cells in our bodies that contain only 1 set of chromoes
Two x=female
X and y=male
Key roles of cell division in adults
Normal controlled cell division:
• During reproduction
• Replacement of aged cells
• During wound healing
Cell division in embryonic development
Zygote forms from sperm and ovum into embryo then form baby, child than adult
Abnormal uncontrolled cell division
Tumor growth and cancer
Keloid development
Cell division with mitosis
Is a multistep complex
process that passes along the genome from one cell
(the parent cell) to its progeny (the daughter cells)
Interphase overall components
G1
S-phase
G2
Mitosis overall components
Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
what is G1 (growth phase one)
Cell preparing to divide
For DNA synthesis bc we want to replicate cell
what is S (DNA synthesis)
Number of chromosomes is the same but each has two sistercells
what is G2 (growth phase two)
Cell grows to get bigger so that when it devids they are similar size
what is 2n replicated
each chromosome with 2 sister chromatids
When they separate they have same chromosome count , turn into chromosomes
Euchromating vs heterochomatin
Euchromatin is the less condensed form of the chromatin in
the interphase nucleus that is available for transcription. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins (histones)
that make up each chromosome
what is Heterochromatin
very highly condensed chromatin in interphase nucleus that is not available for transcription
what is a Chromosome
a large piece of DNA + associated
proteins
when are chromosomes most visible
Chromosomes are most visible during mitosis and meiosis
because the DNA is folded and coiled onto itself.
what is Cell division cycle
involving mitosis
an ordered sequence of events in the life of an eukaryotic cells that begins when the cell enters interphase (G1)
what are the The stages of mitotic cell division in an animal
cell
G2 phase; prophase; prometaphas;emetaphase; anaphase;
what is Interphase
the cell grows, replicates its DNA and prepares for mitosis
what is Prophase
during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears
what is Prometaphase
the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous “membrane vesicles”, and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores
what is Metaphase
Chromosomes aline
what is Anaphase
Chromosomes are separating
Takes a long time
