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Biology > Cell Diversity - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Cell Diversity - Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by a tissue

A

Group of similar cells, which carry out same function

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2
Q

Name 3 plant tissues

A

Dermal Tissue
Meristematic Tissue
Vascular Tissue

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3
Q

Describe: Dermal Tissue

A

Location: Found covering leaves, stems, and roots

Function: Protects plant

Adaptation: Thickened cell wall

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4
Q

Describe Meristematic Tissue

A

Location: Found usually in shoot and root tips

Function: initiates growth in plants and also allows for formation of new cells for growth/ development

Adaptation: Meristem cells can form specialised cells which allow for the plant to better adapt to it’s environment

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5
Q

Describe Vascular Tissue

A

Firstly remember we are focusing on Xylem and Phloem…

Location: Found in various regions, like leaf, stem and root.
(More specifically in the cortex pitch and mesophyll)

Function:
Xylem - Transports water and provides support.

(Xylem is on inner part of stem)

Phloem - Transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant i.e the root and also is responsible for message delivery to tell plant to bloom etc.

Adaptation:

Xylem -
Narrow
Has pits
Reinforced by lignin

Phloem -
Has a companion cell w/ many mitochondria.

This aids in sugar(food) transportation.

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6
Q

Name 3 Human/Animal Tissues

A

Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissue

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7
Q

Describe Connective Tissue

A

Location: Blood, Ligaments, Adipose tissue

Function: joins and supports other body structure

Adaptation: Depending on where it is Connective Tissue can adapt.

E.g in :-

Bones: gets hard for support

Muscles: is flexible for movement

Connective Tissue is also in blood and is made of RBC and WBC and platelets

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8
Q

Describe Nervous Tissue

A

Location: in spinal cord, brain and nerves

Function: neurons (alias nerve cells) carry electrical impulses to and from brain and spinal chord.

Nervous Tissue is made of a group of nervous cells who carry out the same named function.

Adaptation: presence of a myelin sheath which insulates movement of electrical impulses

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9
Q

Describe Muscle Tissue

A

Location: skeletal muscle(i.e bicep or tricep)

Function: allows for movement by contracting and relaxing

Adaptation: their cells have a large many of mitochondria allowing to produce lots of necessary energy

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10
Q

What is Tissue Culture

A

Growth of cells in a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism

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11
Q

What is Sterile

A

Describes an environment free of micro-organisms

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12
Q

What is nutrient medium

A

Providing food to allow for growth of cells

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13
Q

What is the difference between In-vitro and In-vivo growth

A

In-vitro growth:- growth of cells outside the body in a artificial environment

Whereas..

In-vivo growth: growth of cells inside the body

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14
Q

Name 5 factors of a Successful Tissue Culture

A

Suitable temperature

Suitable pH

Oxygen Supply

Correct Vitamin and Mineral Supply

Correct Growth regulator and hormone Supply

Correct Nutrient Supply

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15
Q

Name the 3 main applications of a tissue culture

A

Plant Breeding(micro-
propagation)

Cancer Research

Skin Grafts

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16
Q

What is Micro-propagation

A

Growth of large number of cells from plant tissue or cells.

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17
Q

Describe the process in short

A

1) small no. of cells grown in culture

2) clump of cells called callus formed.

3) Mitosis divides callus into empro and empryoid and then becomes fully developed plant

18
Q

Give the Advantages of Micro-propagation

A

Large number of plants produced in short amount of time

Plants are genetically identical

Cheap method to produce lots of planets

19
Q

Give the Disadvantages of Micro-propagation

A

Disease can very easily spread due to them being genetically identical

Genetic variability

20
Q

What is a Skin Graft?

A

Method to grow new skin for bad burns

21
Q

Give the Advantages of Skin Grafting

A

New skin won’t be rejected by persons body as is genetically identical

No need to remove from other parts of the body (as skin can be simply grown there)

22
Q

Give the Disadvantages of Skin Grafting

A

Cosmetic imperfections: grafts overtime may result in noticeable variations in pigment, texture in comparison to surrounding skin.

Graft Failure: Despite careful surgical procedures there’s an attached risk of the Graft failing leading to either a partial/complete loss of the Graft.

23
Q

What is an Organ

A

A number of tissues which work together to carry out (sometimes) one or more function

24
Q

Give 2 examples of Plant Organs

A

Roots
Leaves

25
Q

Describe what Tissue is in Roots

A

Dermal, Vascular and Meristematic Tissue

26
Q

Describe what Tissue is in Leaves

A

Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissue

27
Q

Give 2 examples of Human/Animal Organs

A

Heart
Brain

28
Q

Describe what Tissue is in the Heart

A

Nervous,Connective and Cardiac Tissue

29
Q

Describe what Tissue is in the Brain

A

Nervous, Connective and Epithial Tissue

30
Q

What is an Organ System

A

When two or more Organs work together to carry out one ore more function

31
Q

Name 2 Plant Organ Systems

A

Root and Shoot Systems

32
Q

Describe what Organs are present in the Root System

A

Consist of fibrous root, tap root and root hairs

33
Q

Describe some Function(s) of the Root System

A

Helps plant stand firmly

Absorbs nutrients

Stores food and water

34
Q

Where is the Root System usually

A

Underground

35
Q

Describe what Organs are in the Shoot system

A

Consists of stems, leaves and the reproductive Organs (i.e stamen and carpel)

36
Q

Describe some Function(s) of the Shoot system

A

Helps plant absorb necessary light required for photosynthesis

37
Q

Where is the Shoot system located

A

Usually above ground

38
Q

Name 2 Human/Animal Organ Systems

A

Digestive System
Respiratory System

39
Q

Describe what Organs are in the Digestive System

A

Consists of mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestin, large intestine etc.

40
Q

Describe some of the Function(s) of the Digestive System

A

Transport and absorption of Food

41
Q

Describe what Organs are in the Respiratory System

A

Consists of mouth, nose, trachea, alveoli and lungs etc

42
Q

Describe some of the Function(s) of the Respiratory System

A

Transport and Absorption of Oxygen

Biology (36 decks)

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