Blood - Unit 3 Flashcards
What is Blood
Body fluid which circulates our body and carry a oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products.
Name the 4 Components of Blood
Plasma, Red Blood cells (RBC) , White Blood cells (WBC) and platelets.
The following slides will now describe the components and characteristics of the 4 main components of blood
What is Plasma
A component in blood
A Golden Liquid that is apart of Blood.
It is 55% of Blood
Of this 55%
90% is water
7% is proteins
3% is dissolved materials transported
Describe the type of proteins present in the 7% of plasma
Types of Plasma Proteins:
Antibodies(metabolic proteins) that are produced by WBC’s and help destroy foreign substances
Clotting Proteins form blood clots
Describe the Function(s) of Plasma
Transport if materials like:
Glucose
Amino acids
Salts
Carbon Dioxide
Vitamins
Urea
Hormones
Plasma carries heat around the body
What’s Serum
Plasma but they clotting Proteins are removed
Uses of serum
Used in giving a person an injection of resistance to a disease via injection
What’s are RBC’s
A component in blood.
Any following slides until notified otherwise are in regards to RBC’s
Where are RBC’s produced
Red bone marrow
What is the name of the pigment/red protein in RBC’s
Haemoglobin
State the lifespan of RBC’s aswell as why it’s so short
4 months as they lack a nucleas
What happens to dead RBC’s
Broken down in the spleen to produce bile
Give another example of a name RBC’s are also called
Erythrocytes
What happens to RBC’s as they mature
They lose their nucleas
What happens to RBC’s as a result of losing their nucleas
They become more flexible
What is the cell organelle/ Name the cell organelle that RBC’s lack
Mitochondria
What types of shape do RBC’s have
Biconcave shape
What does a biconcave shape allow for
Increased surface area for more oxygen exchange
What does a flexible membrane allow for
Allowed them to easily pass through narrow capillaries
What happens to haemoglobin upon fusing w/ or coming into contact with oxygen from lungs?
It becomes oxyhaemoglobin
What’s happends to this oxygenated blood
It gets used up by cells in body and gets converted to haemoglobin
What is the main element that haemoglobin is made of
Iron
What is the role of haemoglobin in RBC’s
Transport of Oxygen
What is anemia
Lack of haemoglobin or RBC’s
Why would anaemia be caused
Lack of iron in diet; i.e iron deficiency
What are WBC’s
A component in blood
Anything following from now is related to WBC’s until notified otherwise
Which is larger WBC or RBC
WBC are larger than RBC
What type of shape do WBC’s have
They actually don’t have definite shape
Which is more numerous WBC or RBC and give the ratio
WBC are less numero
Usually is in a 700:1 ratio (RBC: WBC)
Do WBC’s have a nucleas
Yes they do have a nucleas
Where are WBC’s made
The red bone marrow
What is the average lifespan of a WBC
Usually ranges from 13-20 days to maybe a few hours etc
What is the function of WBC’s
To fight infection (by attacking viruses and bacteria)
How do WBC’s fight infection
Some engulf and digest bacteria
Others produce antibodies to neutralise bacteria
Name two WBC’s
Monocyte/Phagocyte
Lymphocytes
Describe a monocyte
Is a large BC that engulfs and digests bacteria by surrounding them
They are also called macrophages (large phages)
They are made in bone marrow
They have a lifespan of 9 days
They have a kidney shaped nucleas
Describe a Lymphocyte
Made in the bone marrow
Mature in lymphatic system
Stored in the spleen and lymph vessels
Makes antibodies to fight off bacteria
Can survive up to 10 years
Has a round nucleas shape
What are platelets
A component of blood
Anything from here onwards is related to Platelets.
Where are platelets made
They are made in the red bone marrow from cell fragments
What is the role of platelets in blood
To clot the blood
What are the functions of blood clots for animals/humans
Reduce blood loss
Prevent entry of
micro-organisms
What is a haemophiliac
A term used to describe those who are unable to clot blood
What is the result/aftermath of haemophilia
Sever bleeding
What is thrombosis
Clotting of blood from damaged blood vessel walls
What is the result/aftermath of thrombosis
A stroke/ A heart attack
What are blood groups
Blood can be classified into distinct group such as a b ab and I
These are specifically called the ABO blood groups
From here on our it’ll be on blood groups
Who discovered humans have 4 major blood groups?
Karl Landsteiner
Name the four main blood groups
A
B
AB
O
Why is it important to know a person’s blood type/ why is it important we match a person’s blood type correctly
To prevent clumping
What happens during clumping
Organ damage can occur
Which blood group is the universal donor
Blood Group O, as it can be freely given to any of the other blood groups
Whats rhesus factor
Essentially a rhesus factor is the ‘+’ or ‘-‘ following the blood group.
It is another vital blood classification/ group
Whats rhesus factor
Essentially a rhesus factor is the ‘+’ or ‘-‘ following the blood group.
It is another vital blood classification/ group
What are people whose blood group have a rhesus factor called
Rhesus positive (have a ‘+’ following there blood group)
What are people whose blood group don’t have a rhesus factor called
Rhesus negative (have a ‘-‘ following there blood group)
Which rhesus group can be given to another?
Rhesus negative blood group can be safely transferred to a rhesus positive person
BUT
A rhesus positive person cannot give blood safely / should never been given to a rhesus negative else a serious reaction occurs
If John had a rhesus factor and was in blood group O. Can John’s blood be safely donated
No.
John is in group:
+
O
And his blood can’t be safely given to a rhesus negative person as a serious and fatal reaction could occur
Why should the blood of the mother and embryo never mix
They may have different blood groups
They may have different blood pressures
How do RBC’s differ to other typical cells
RBC’s have no mitochondria and no nucleas but body cells do
RBC’sare biconcave in shape , contain haemoglobin, and are much smaller
