Cell differentiation and organisation Flashcards
what is cell differentiation?
all cells are initially identical, each matures and becomes specialised in structure to suit the role it will carry out
how do single-cell organisms function?
perform all essential life functions in a single cell
why can’t single cell organisms be totally efficient?
each function requires a different type of cellular structure
what are all cell organisms derived from?
mitotic divisions of a fertilised egg
how do cells differentiate?
every cell contains genes needed for it to develop into many different cells, only A FEW of these genes are switched on in any one cell.
what else apart from the shape varies in different cells?
the number of each of the organelle
why does a multicellular organism function efficiently?
- the cells have evolved to be more and more suited to its specialised function
- lost ability carry out other functions
- dependant on other cells
what is a tissue?
an aggregation of similar cells that perform specific functions
what is an example of a tissue in an animal cell?
epithelial tissues- sheets of cell, line surfaces of many organs
what is an example of a tissue in a plant?
xylem- made up of a number of cell types, used transport water and mineral ions throughout the cell
what is an organ?
aggregation of tissues coordinated to perform specific physiological functions
what is an example of an organ in an animal?
stomach- made up of muscle, epithelium and connective tissue
what is an example of an organ in a plant?
LEAF- palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and epidermis
what is an organ system?
organs work together as a single unit
what is an example of an organ system in an animal?
respiratory system- trachea, bronchi, lungs
