Cell Differentiation Flashcards
1
Q
What are stem cells?
A
Unspecialised cells that can develop into any other type of cell in an organism. They divide by mitosis.
2
Q
What is differentiation?
A
The process by which a cell becomes specialised.
3
Q
Define the term ‘totipotency’.
A
The ability of a stem cell to become any type of specialised cell in an organism, including extra-embryonic cells. They are only present in mammals after the first few divisions of an embryo. After this they become pluripotent.
4
Q
Define the term ‘pluripotency’.
A
The ability of a stem cell to become any type of specialised cell in an organism, except extra-embryonic cells.
5
Q
What is an extra-embryonic cell?
A
A cell that makes up part of the placenta or umbilical cord.
6
Q
Where else are stem cells found?
A
- In some adult tissue, but they are less flexible than embryonic stem cells.
- In growing parts of plants (roots/stem)
