Cell cycle Mitosis

Question 1

What are the four phases of the cell cycle? Which of these are considered part of interphase?

Answer 1

G1, S, G2 and M
G1, S, G2 are interphase

Question 2

You find a cell that is currently replicating (copying) its DNA. What part of the cell cycle is it in?

Answer 2

Synthesis cycle

Question 3

List three reasons why cells normally undergo mitosis.

Answer 3

Development
growth cell replacement
asexual reproduction

Question 4

What is a chromosome?

Answer 4

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

Question 5

What is a pair of sister chromatids?

Answer 5

Pairs of identical copies of DNA joined at a point called centromere

duplicated copies of a single chromosome that are attached to each other and are identical

Question 6

What is a centromere?
Why are centromeres important?

Answer 6

Part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.
They maintain chromosomes number during cell division

Question 7

What is a telomere?
Why are telomeres important?
What happens to a telomere each time a cell divides?

Answer 7

Telomeres are a repeating DNA molecules sequence (TTAGGG) at the end of Eukaryotic chromosomes.
They are important because they protect the end of a chromosome.
The Telomere gets shorter

Question 8

What does the telomerase enzyme do?

Answer 8

keeps them alive by adding DNA to telomeres

Question 9

What is mitosis?
What is cytokinesis?

Answer 9

The process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei

The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides. The cell membrane grows to enclose each cell, forming two separate cells

Question 10

What is a histone?
What is a nucleosome?
Why are histones and nucleosomes important?

Answer 10

Histones are proteins that condense and structure the DNA of eukaryotic cell nuclei into units called nucleosomes.

Nucleosome is a fundamental subunit of a chromatin

keeping the genome organized and wrapped neatly within a cell

Question 11

List, in order, the phases of mitosis.

Answer 11

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 12

How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?

Answer 12

Animal cells have cleavage furrow which will pinch the cytoplasm into two nearly equal parts while plant cells have a cell plate that forms halfway between the divided nuclei