Cell Cycle & Genetics Flashcards
Cell cycle
Interphase and mitosis
Interphase.
When cells do their jobs and also grow. Most of cells life is spent in interphase.
DNA replication occurs in S phase of interphase just before mitosis.
Mitosis.
Short part of cell cycle when cell divides into 2 copies.
There are four stages to mitosis.
PMAT.
Four stages of mitosis
PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Chromosomes condense in the nucleus.
Spindle forms.
Metaphase
Copied chromosomes align in the middle.
Anaphase
Chromosomes split and move to opposite ends of the spindle.
Telophase
Membrane forms and two cells are created.
Mitosis vs meiosis
Mitosis. Cell division of regular cells that makes exact copies for growth and repair. 2 diploid cells. (Full DNA)
Meiosis. Cell division of sex cells that make gametes (sperm and egg) for sexual reproduction. 4 haploid cells (half DNA). Not exact copies. Goes through PMAT twice.
Haploid
Half set of chromosomes (DNA)
Diploid
Full set of chromosomes.
Incomplete dominance
Mixed the traits
Red and white. Petals are pink.
Codominance
Both traits show up but splotched together.
Red and white speckled petals.
DNA polymerase
Enzyme that helps the bases pair up correctly in DNA replication.
A to T
C to G
DNA splits and 2 strands are made that each have 1 original strand and 1 new strand.
Transcription
DNA making RNA in the nucleus.
A-T
G-C
