Cell cycle control and center Flashcards
In normal cells, hundreds of genes intricately control the process of
cell division
Normal growth requires a balance between the
activity of those genes that
promote cell proliferation and those that suppress it.
Normal growth also relies
on the activities of genes that signal when damaged cells should
undergo apoptosis
Cells become cancerous after
mutations accumulate in the various genes that
control cell proliferation
a gene that promotes the specialization and division of
normal cells and becomes an oncogene following mutation
proto-oncogene:
: any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic
material
mutation
oncogene
any gene that contributes to the conversion of a normal cell
into a cancerous cell when mutated or expressed at high levels
They are named based on the location of the centromere, chromosomes
are classified into four types:
metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric,
and telocentric
Each chromosome is divided into two sections
(arms) based on the location of a
narrowing (constriction) called the
centromere.
By convention, the shorter arm of a chromosome is called
P
longer arm of the chromosome is called
q
Geneticists use maps to describe the location of a
particular
gene on a chromosome.
One type of map uses the cytogenetic location to
describe a
gene’s position.
The cytogenetic location is based on a distinctive
pattern of bands created when
chromosomes are
stained with certain chemicals
