Cell Cycle Control

Question 1

In which phase does DNA replication occur?

Answer 1

S phase

Question 2

G0/quiscent state is what?

Answer 2

State in which cells enter at point during G1

Metabolically active but not undergoing DNA replication or going through cell cycle

Question 3

What does G2 cell check do?

Answer 3

Determine whether all DNA been replicated and only once, no damage

Question 4

What does M phase checkpoint do?

Answer 4

Determine whether chromosomes aligned and attached properly prior to division

Question 5

Mitogens

Answer 5

Stimulates cell division primarily by over coming intracellular breaking mechanisms

Question 6

Growth factors

Answer 6

Stimulate cell growth by promoting synthesis, inhibiting degradation of proteins and other macromolecules

Question 7

Hyperplasia

Answer 7

Increase in cell number

Question 8

What are cyclins

Answer 8

Regulator of kinases

Question 9

How is regulation of cell cycle largely achieved by?

Answer 9

Protein phosphorylation (kinases) and dephosphorylation (phosphatases)

Protein degradation (ubiquitinases)

Or combination of both
Note= are enzymes

Question 10

What does addition of ubiquitin do?

Answer 10

Mechanism used to mark proteins for degradation

Question 11

When do cells replicate?

Answer 11

When external environment right, this sends cues to stimulate cell division