Cell Cycle and Cell Division Flashcards
What happens in G1?
the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles
What happens in G2?
G2 phase involves further cell growth and organisation of cellular contents.
What happens in S?
In S phase, the cell copies its DNA to produce two sister chromatids
What happens in G0?
the cell is neither dividing nor preparing for division
how many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
46 - 23 pairs
After mitosis, a daughter cell would have produced how many chromosomes?
What are three reasons that a cell would need to divide?
Cells divide to allow multicellular organisms to grow.
Cells divide to reproduce and create identical copies of themselves.
Cells divide to repair damaged or dead cells in multicellular organisms
What is the purpose of mitosis?
for growth and to replace worn out cells
splits the nucleus in two
What is the purpose of cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
List the phases of mitosis in order
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What happens during cytokinesis in a plant cell?
the formation and insertion of a new cell wall that separates daughter nuclei after mitosis
What happens during cytokinesis in an animal cell?
via a cleavage furrow, an indentation of the plasma membrane of the dividing cell when grows deeper and deeper until it “pinches” the cell into two halves.
how are normal cells different from cancerous cells?
cancer cells don’t carry on maturing or become so specialised
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
A malignant tumor can also spread to other parts of your body. A benign tumor can become quite large, but it will not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of your body.
