Cell Cycle Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are somatic cells?
Somatic cells are all other cells except germ cells or reproductive cells.
Eg. Nerve cells, skin cells, blood cells
The cell cycle
Is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
What happens during the cell cycle?
During the Cell Cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again.
What are the 3 stages of the Cell Cycle?
Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Mitosis (PMAT)
Cytokinesis
How long does the process take in mammalian cells?
24 hours
How long does the process take in bacteria?
approx 20 minutes
Interphase
is the period of growth that occurs between cell division. It’s main purpose is to replicate the DNA located in the cell.
What is the connection point in chromosomes called?
Centromere
What happens during G1 (Interphase)?
This is where the cell will do most of its growing. The cell will increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.
What happens during S (Interphase)?
The DNA within the cell is replicated to ensure that the new cell will end up with the correct amount of DNA. It also replicates chromosomes and synthesis DNA.
What happens during G2 (Interphase)?
The cell continues to get ready and produces proteins required for spindle fibre formation. By the end of this stage, the cell is approx double its original size.
What are the stages in mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens in mitosis stage?
Chromosomes can be viewed due to them thickening and condensing in size.
What are duplicate chromosomes known as?
Sister Chromatids
What happens in Prophase?
The nuclear membranes break down and spindle fibers are formed. Chromosomes become condensed and visible.
What happens in Metaphase?
The double stranded chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
What happens in Anaphase?
Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cells via spindle fibres.
What happens in Telophase?
The nuclear membrane is reformed and chromosomes decondense.
What happens in Cytokinesis?
Two nuclei are formed. Redistribution of organelles take place around the new nuclei. It physically separates.
What is the cell cycle for Prokaryotes called?
It’s known as binary fission
Shape of DNA in Eukaryotes
Twisted double helix structure
Shape of DNA in Prokaryotes
Circular shape
Purpose of checkpoints:
To ensure that the replicated cells are not damaged and will continue to work as well as the original
What does the p27 do?
p27(cell cycle brakes)-is a protein that halts the cell cycle at G1.