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Biology > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List in order the proper sequence of phases in the cell cycle.

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of interphase?

A

G1, s-phase, G2

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3
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis and cytoplasmic division?

A

Mitosis is division of the nucleus while cytoplasmic division splits the cytoplasm so each daughter cell gets the same DNA and cellular machinery.

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4
Q

How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? Are they the same or different from the parent cell?

A
  1. Identical daughter cells
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5
Q

What happens during G2?

A

Cell prepares for cell division

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6
Q

When are the chromosomes visible during the cell cycle?

A

Metaphase, prophase, anaphase

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7
Q

List the 4 phases of mitosis in their proper sequence.

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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8
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromosomes become visible, centrioles move apart (toward poles), spindle fibers form between the centrioles, nucleus disappears.

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9
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What phase follows metaphase?

A

Anaphase

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11
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Sister chromatids line up along the middle (equator), spindle fibers attach to centromeres

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12
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart at the centromere, chromatids are now chromosomes and move to opposite ends of the cell. (Toward the poles)

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13
Q

During what phase do the chromosomes become visible, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear, and the spindle fibers form between the pairs of centrioles?

A

Prophase

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14
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth

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15
Q

What is a tumor?

A

A tumor is a mass of cancer cells

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16
Q

List some characteristics of telophase

A

2 nuclei, chromosomes start to disappear, nucleus reappears, spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes reach opposite poles.

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17
Q

List some characteristics of anaphase

A

Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart at the centromere, chromatids are are now chromosomes and move to opposite ends of the cell

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18
Q

What is the big idea for the cell cycle?

A

One cell becomes two identical cells.

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19
Q

Cells leave the cell cycle and stop dividing

A

G0

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20
Q

Division of chromosomes happens

A

Mitosis

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21
Q

Division of cytoplasm happens

A

Cytokinesis

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22
Q

Cell makes the molecules and organelles needed for cell division

A

G2

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23
Q

Made up of telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase

A

Mitosis

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24
Q

Cell is reading the DNA code and “doing its job”

A

G1

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25
Q

Cell makes a copy of its DNA

A

S-phase

26
Q

Explain what happens to a growing cell to cause “DNA overload”.

A

To much demand is being placed on DNA for information

27
Q

Tell how cell division in prokaryotes is different from eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes-simple binary fusion

Eukaryotes-more elaborate due to nucleus

28
Q

DNA is all spread out as chromatin and nuclear membrane is visible

A

Interphase

29
Q

DNA scrunches up and chromosomes are first visible

A

Prophase

30
Q

Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell

A

Metaphase

31
Q

DNA is copied and cell prepares to divide

A

Interphase

32
Q

Chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

A

Anaphase

33
Q

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

A

Prophase

34
Q

Two nuclei are visible

A

Telophase

35
Q

First dividing phase

A

Prophase

36
Q

Made up of G1, S, G2

A

Interphase

37
Q

Centrosomes containing centrioles and spindle fibers appear next to nucleus

A

Interphase and prophase

38
Q

Cytoplasm is split between two cells

A

Cytokinesis

39
Q

Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear

A

Telophase

40
Q

Chromosomes unwind into chromatin and nucleus returns

A

Telophase

41
Q

Early biologists observed that just before cell division, several short, stringy structures appeared in the ___________.

A

Nucleus

42
Q

These structures seemed to _______ soon after cell division.

A

Vanish

43
Q

These structures, which contain DNA, are now called ____________.

A

Chromosomes

44
Q

As microscopes improved, scientists realized that chromosomes carry ___________________, which is copied and passed on from generation to generation.

A

Genetic material

45
Q

During most of cells life cycle, chromosomes exist as uncoiled ____________, strands of DNA wrapped around protein molecules.

A

Chromatin

46
Q

When DNA is uncoiled, it can be actively involved in making RNA and in _____________ itself.

A

Replicating

47
Q

However, before a cell begins to divide, the chromatin threads begin to _________; forming tightly packed chromosomes.

A

Coil

48
Q

The period of cell growth

A

Interphase

49
Q

A period of cell division

A

Mitosis

50
Q

Chromosomes distributed equally to daughter cells

A

Mitosis

51
Q

Protein production high

A

Interphase

52
Q

Nuclear material divides to form two daughter cells

A

Mitosis

53
Q

DNA synthesis occurs

A

Interphase

54
Q

Cytoplasm divides

A

Mitosis

55
Q

Mitochondria and other organelles manufactured

A

Interphase

56
Q

The final phase, in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes

A

Telophase

57
Q

Chromosomes become visible, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear, and the spindle forms between the pairs of centrioles

A

Prophase

58
Q

The nucleus and nucleolus can be seen clearly. Chromosomes are not visible because they’re in the form of uncoiled chromatin

A

Interphase

59
Q

The centromeres split, and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase

60
Q

Chromosomes move to the equator, with each chromatid attached to a spindle fiber by it’s centromere

A

Metaphase

61
Q

What are the 3 main phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Biology (14 decks)

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