Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
Its the process that all the body cells in multicellular organism use to grow and divide
When does cell cycle start?
When a cell has been produced by cell division
When does a cell cycle end?
It ends with the cell dividing to produce two identical cells
What does a cell cycle consist of?
A period of cell growth, DNA replication called interphase, and a period of cell division called M phase
Whats M phase?
it involves mitosis and cytokinesis
Definition of Cytokinesis
Cytoplasmic division following nuclear division, resulting in two new daughter cells.
Definitions of interphase
Phase of cell cycle where the cell is not dividing; it is subdivided into growth and synthesis phases.
What is interphase subdivided into?
G1. S and G2
What is the cell cycle regulated by?
Checkpoints
When do checkpoints occur and why?
At key points during the cycle to make sure its ok for the process to continue.
Order of the phases
M –> G1 –> S –> G2
What happens during Gap Phase 1
The cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
What happens during G1 checkpoint
The cell checks that the chemicals needed for replication are present and for any damage to the DNA before entering S-Phase
What happens during Synthesis
Cell replicates its DNA, ready to divide by mitosis
What happens during Gap Phase 2
Cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made
What happens during G2 checkpoint
The cell checks whether all the DNA has been replicated without any damage. If it has, the cell can enter mitosis
What happens during interphase
> The cell carries out normal functions, but also prepares to divide
The cell’s DNA is unravelled and replicated to double its genetic content
The organelles are also replicated so it has spare ones,
ATP content is increased
What does ATP provide?
The energy needed for cell division
