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Transport And Motility > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is kineticore?

A

Protein complex that attaches to centromere region, contains motor proteins

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2
Q

Describe anaphase spindle 1

A

Sister chromatids separate, up replicated chromosomes move toward poles by dynien

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3
Q

What happens when the MT lengthen?

A

Mt polymerizaion
Use motor protein that moves away from the poles
Uses kinesin

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4
Q

What are the requirements for successful cell division?

A

Increase in cell size before dividing
Replicate DNA chromosome
Partition DNA chromosomes precisely
Partition cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are the ,another checkpoints during mitosis?

A

Spindle assembly checkpoint
G1 checkpoint
G/ checkpoint
Metaphase checkpoint

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6
Q

What happens during spindle assembly checkpoint?

A

Check for chromosome attachment to spindle

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7
Q

What happens during the G1 checkpoint?

A 
Check for cell size 
Nutrients
Growth factors and 
DNA damage 
Regulated by G1 cyclin and G1 CDK
Cells can leave cycle 
Major decision point- start or restriction point
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8
Q

What happens during G2 checkpoint?

A 
Check for 
Cell size
DNA replication 
Completion of chromosome replication 
Coordinates entry into mitosis
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9
Q

What happens during the metaphase checkpoint?

A

Coordinates entry into mitosis

Chromosome alignment on spindle- makes sure all are present and accounted for

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10
Q

How is the G2 checkpoint regulated?

A

Controlled by MPF( mitosis promoting factor)
Regulatory subunit called cyclin
Catalytic subunit called CDK
Cyclin levels oscillate during cell cycle- hugest during M phase. Increase st G2

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11
Q

How is MPF activated

A

Cyclin synthesis
Regulation of MPF kinases and phosphotases
Degradation of cyclin in anaphase
CDK inhibitors

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12
Q

What are the functions of MPF?

A

Chromosome condensation phosphorylation of condensins
Nuclear breakdown
Spindle formation: phosphorylation of centrosome and microtubule associated proteins

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13
Q

Compare cytokinesis is plant cells and animal cells

A

Plant cells separate the two new cells using a cell plate made of cellulose. Vesicles containing building material fuse together to create plate
Animal cells: separate via a cleavage furrow contractile micro filaments pull the plasma membrane inward

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14
Q

What happens during an action potential

A

Secretion of ACh
ACh binds receptor on muscle,Na enters
Action potential along muscle membrane and T tubule
Conformation chafe in voltage sensor
Voltage sensor opens ca enters cytoplasm
Troponin moves tropomyosin
Myosin II binds to F actin causing a contraction

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15
Q

Describe MT organization

A

MTs originate from centrosome-may contain centriole
- end anchored to MTOC
+ end extends out
Some functions depend on stable MT, others on dynamic MT ( assembly and dissemblly)

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16
Q

Describe accessory proteins

A

MT associated proteins (MAPS)
They stabilize, cross link and are used in movement
Motor proteins

17
Q

Describe motor proteins ( type of accessory protein)

A

Head binds tubules :hydrolyze ATP

Tail attaches to cargo

18
Q

Describe micro filaments

A

Accessory proteins
Motility
Polymerization-driven
Motor protein- driven

19
Q

Describe MF structure

A 
Subunit: G actin(globular)
Polymer- F actin( filamentous) 
Actin filament has polarity 
\+ end more rapid addition 
- end slower addition
20
Q

Describe accessory proteins- actin binding

A

Influence organization assembly dissemblly and function

21
Q

Describe MF motor protein

A

Myosin (uses ATP hydrolysis)
Two myosin groups:
Myosin 1
Myosin 2

22
Q

Describe conventional myosin, myosin 2

A

Involved in muscle contraction
Myosin 2 tails associate with each other
Results in contraction.

23
Q

Describe unconventional myosin- myosin 1

A

Tails associate with other cargo( vesicles or membrane )

24
Q

Describe micro filaments motility

A

Two strategies
Polymerization- creates a pushing force
Motor protein driven- conformation change created force

25
Q

Describe listeria bacterium

A

Example of polymerization driven MF motility

Propels itself across cytoplasm by polymerizaion groups actin behind it

26
Q

Describe movement via a sarcomere?

A

Myosin 2 heads project in 2 directions to contract actin at both ends of the sarcomere
Myosin 2 tails are asscicated with other myosin tails

27
Q

Describe the sliding filament model

A

Mechanism for muscle movement
ATP hydrolysis powers myosin 2 movement
Actin and myosin filaments slide past one another
Sarcomere shortens because myosin pulls in two direction
Contraction of multiple sarcomere shortens muscle

28
Q

What is a centromere?

A

Region of DNA

Transport And Motility (5 decks)

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