Cell Cycle Flashcards

0
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

Repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during an organism’s life

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1
Q

What are the steps of mitosis

A
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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2
Q

The longest phase of the cell cyckle

A

Interphase

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3
Q

What phases of the cell cycle are known as interphase

A

First growth
Synthesis
Second growth

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4
Q

What are the five phases of the cell growth

A
  • first growth
  • synthesis
  • second growth
  • mitosis
  • cytokinesis
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4
Q

What happens in G1

A

Cell doubles in size

Enzyme and organelle numbers double

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5
Q

What happens to cells that don’t divide

A

They stay in interphase or move to G0

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7
Q

Cells don’t ___ nonstop

A

Replicate

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8
Q

Example of cells that sty in G0 or G1 are

A

Muscle cells and nerve cells

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9
Q

What happens in G2

A
  • centrioles duplicate, microtubules are made, cell continues to grow
  • final preparations are made
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10
Q

What phase is when the chromatin, which is made of DNA , replicates

A

S phase

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11
Q

During cytokinesis animal cells form a protein belt that establishes a

A

Cleavage furrow

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12
Q

What begins to break down during prophase

A

Nuclear membrane

Nucleolus

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13
Q

In multicellular organisms, many cells remain in

A

Interphase

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14
Q

What are “checkpoints”

A

Things that trigger or delay phases

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16
Q

What are checkpoints controlled by

A

Enzymes

16
Q

What is the most important checkpoint

A

G1

17
Q

What happens in the G1 checkpoint

A

It decides if the cell will divide

18
Q

What forms during prophase

A

Chromosomes

19
Q

What happens at the mitosis checkpoint

A

Signals end of mitosis and the start of G1 phase

20
Q

What phase is where cells spend most of their lives

A

First growth

21
Q

During telophase chromatids untie and return to

A

Chromatin

22
Q

During prophase the centrioles develop and move away from each other in what type of cells

A

Animal cells

22
Q

Where do centrioles go during metaphase

A

The opposite ends of the cells

23
Q

What are spindle fibers

A

Strands of protein

23
Q

Where do fibers pull the chromosomes during metaphase

A

The equator of the cell

24
Q

Where are chromosomes lined up on during metaphase

A

The metaphase plate

26
Q

During anaphase the spindle fibers pull each chromatid strand toward the ___ at the ___ ___ of the cell

A

Centrioles

Opposite ends

27
Q

The end results of mitosis
___ new cells
___ in size than the original
___ number of chromosomes

A

Two
Smaller
Same

28
Q

In prophase two types of spindle fibers connect to the ___ and the ___

A

Chromosomes and centrioles

29
Q

Dyeing telophase the spindle fibers/centrioles

A

Disappear

30
Q

During telophase each end if the cell has a complete set of

A

Chromosomes

32
Q

During cytokinesis each newly formed cell gets a

A

Nucleus

33
Q

During telophase the nuclear membrane begins to

A

Form

34
Q

The nucleolus ___ during telophase

A

Reforms

34
Q

During cytokinesis plant cells create a ___ ___ that becomes the new cell wall

A

Cell plate

35
Q

During cytokinesis what is divided between the two new daughter cells

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

During anaphase the sister chromatids are

A

Pulled apart at the centromeres by the fibers

38
Q

What happens in the G2 checkpoint

A

Allows for the checking of DNA and proceeds to mitosis