Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is the longest portion of the cell cycle?
Interphase(G1, S, G2), 90% of the cell cycle.
What happens during G1 phase?
The cell grows and carries out normal functions. (prepare essential materials for S phase)
What happens during S phase?
DNA replication and chromosome duplication occurs
What happens during the G2 phase?
Final growth and preparation for mitosis
What are the main things that happen during the M phase?
Mitosis(nucleus divides) and Cytokinesis(Cytoplasm divides).
What 5 phases happen during mitosis?
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What happens to chromatin during Prophase?
Chromatin condenses and form chrmosomes.
What happens to nucleoli during Prophase?
It disappears.
What happens to mitotic spindle during prophase?
It begins to form.
What happens to duplicated chromosomes during prophase?
It appears as sister chromatids.
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prometaphase?
It breaks down into fragments.
What do microtubules do during prometaphase?
They enter nuclear area and some attach to kinetochores.
What is the key event during metaphase?
Centrosomes are at opposite poles.
What do chromosomes do during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
Where are microtubules attached during metaphase?
Microtubules are attached to each kinetochore.
What do sister chromatids do during anaphase?
They separate and move to opposite ends of the cell due to the microtubules shortening.
What happens to the cell during anaphase?
Cell elongates.
What things are formed during Telophase?
Two daughter nuclei are formed.
What reappears during anaphase?
Nucleoli reappears.
What happens to chromosomes during Telophase?
They become less condensed.
What are the differences between animal cells and plant cells during cytokinesis?
They differ in how they divide their cytoplasm. Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, but plant cells can’t create a cleavage furrow due to their rigid cell wall. Instead of cleavage furrow, they build cell plates in the middle.
