Cell Cycle Flashcards
Normal metabolism and growth
G1 phase
DNA is copied
S (synthesis) phase
Normal function and preparation for cell division. Mitochondria, centrioles, and other organelles replicate
G2 phase
Division of the nucleus into two identical daughter cells. The two copies of DNA and cytoplasm are distributed to each daughter cell
M phase
Chromosomes of relatively same size and shape
homologous chromosomes
Segment of DNA encoding for specific cell instructions such as protein production
gene
Loosely wound form of DNA. Typically evident before M phase
chromatin
Chromosomes are long, loosely coiled, threadlike strands of DNA and protein
interphase
Chromosomes are not visible, except as chromatin granules
interphase
The nuclear membrane appears normal
interphase
DNA replication occurs
interphase
Centrioles replicate and begin to move apart toward end of the phase
interphase
Daughter centrioles move towards opposite ends of the nucleus
prophase
The nuclear membrane disappears
prophase
Nucleoli disappear
prophase
Chromosomes become more visible as they become compact and tightly coiled
prophase
Two separate strands of DNA joined at a single point called the centromere
chromatids
The mitotic spindle is formed by proteins from the cytoplasm that organize into many fiber-like threads
prophase
Centriole migration and spindle formation is complete
metaphase
Chromosomes align at the exact equator of the spindle
metaphase
A spindle fiber originating from each spindle is attached to the centromere of each chromosome
metaphase
Chromosomes split apart at the centromere, separating sister chromatids
anaphase
The separate chromatids are now considered daughter chromosomes
anaphase
Daughter chromosomes move gradually toward opposite poles of each spindle
anaphase
The groups of daughter chromosomes are congregated at opposite poles of the spindle
anaphase
Cytokinesis has begun
anaphase
Cytokinesis becomes obvious, continues gradually to completion
telophase
Chromosomes become gradually less distinct as the uncoil back into chromatin
telophase
Spindle fibers disappear
telophase
Nucleoli reappear
telophase
Nuclear membrane reappears
telophase
The end point is two daughter cells, each in interphase
telophase
