Cell Cycle

Question 1

Somatic Cell

Answer 1

Nonreproductive cells, contain 46 chromosomes

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

Process by which replicated DNA is split and divided, forming 2 new cells. Nuclei are genetically equivalent

Question 3

Centromeres

Answer 3

Indendation along chromosome where proteins (cohesins, kinetochores) bind

Question 4

Centrioles

Answer 4

Cylindrical arrays of microtubures that are oriented at right angles to one another

Question 5

Centrosomes

Answer 5

dense material surrounding centrioles

Question 6

Sexual reproduction

Answer 6

Genetic combination of 2 cells

Question 7

Gametes

Answer 7

eggs and sperm, contain 23 chromosomes

Question 8

Zygotes

Answer 8

contains 2 copies of each chromosome, formed by fusion of 2 gametes

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

produces cells with half normal number of chromosomes, ensures consistent chromosome number between genetation

Question 10

Aneuploid gametes

Answer 10

gametes with improper number of chromosomes

Question 11

Chromatid

Answer 11

One copy of a chromosome, joined to original chromosome by single centromere. In mitosis and meiosis, 2 chromatids for every chromosome

Question 12

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

Composed of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. Different alleles of the same gene can be found

Question 13

Sister chromatids

Answer 13

Composed of the same allele of a gene in both strands, synthesized by DNA replication