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science 4th quarter > cell cycle > Flashcards

cell cycle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is a series of events that takes place from one cell division to another

A

cell cycle

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2
Q

first growth stage after cell division

A

G1 Phase

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3
Q

cells mature by making more cytoplasm and organelles

A

G1 Phase

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4
Q

cells carries on on its normal metabolic activities

A

G1 Phase

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5
Q

the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis

A

G1 Phase

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6
Q

when does G1 Phase end?

A

when the cells move into the S Phase of interphase

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7
Q

dna is replicated

A

S Phase

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8
Q

occurs between g1 and g2 phase

A

s phase

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9
Q

dna undergoes replication and each dna molecule forms how many dna molecules?

A

2 dna molecules

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10
Q

checks dna for any damage that might have occured during replication

A

G2 Phase

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11
Q

ensures all proteins needed for cell divisions are present

A

G2 Phase

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12
Q

cell division

A

M Phase

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13
Q

importance of cell division

A

for growth and development
for repair of damaged items
for perpetuation of species

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14
Q

types of m phase / cell division

A

meiosis & mitosis

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15
Q

somatic / body cells

A

mitosis

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16
Q

cells in the skin, muscles, bones, lungs, and other internal organs

A

mitosis

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17
Q

reproductive cells

A

meiosis

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18
Q

chromosome number of humans

A

46 chromosomes

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19
Q

duplicated chromosomes

A

chromatids

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20
Q

duplicated chromosomes are held together by the

A

centromere

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21
Q

a picture of the chromosomes from a human cell aranged in pairs by size

A

karotype

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22
Q

xx

A

female

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23
Q

xy

A

male

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24
Q

first 22 pairs are called

A

autosomes

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25
Q

last pair are the

A

sex chromosomes

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26
Q

dna is tightly coiled arounf proteins called

A

histones

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27
Q

genetic material located inside a chromosome in the nucleus of the cell

A

DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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28
Q

made up of a DNA-protein complex called chromatids

A

chromosomes

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29
Q

two identical halves of a replicated chromosomes after the S Phase of the cell cycle

A

chromatids

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30
Q

attachment point of two chromatids

A

centromere

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31
Q

upper arms of the chromosomes

A

short arm or p arm

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32
Q

lower arms of the chromosomes

A

q arm

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33
Q

chromosomes become condensed or thickened

A

mitotic phase

34
Q

interval between two cell divisions

A

interphase

35
Q

cell grows initially

A

G1 Phase

36
Q

synthesis of protein and ribonucleic acid or RNA occurs

A

G1 Phase

37
Q

mitochondria increase in number

A

G1 Phase

38
Q

DNA are synthesized thus replicating the chromosomes in preparation for the next cell division.

A

S Phase

39
Q

cell grows rapidly

A

G2 Phase

40
Q

cell prepares for the actual cell division

A

G2 Phase

41
Q

cellular process wherein two nuclei and two cells are produced due to the division of the original nucleus

A

Mitosis

42
Q

made up of two sister chromatids that are
identical to each

A

prophase stage

43
Q

repeated coiling of chromosomes occurs resulted to its thicker and shorter structure

A

prophase stage

44
Q

nuclear membrane breaks down

A

prophase stage

45
Q

Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane

A

metaphase stage

46
Q

Each spindle fiber from both centrosomes connects to each chromosome through its __________

A

kinectochore

47
Q

Spindle fibers begin to contract and become shorter. Continued contraction causes the separation of the genetically identical sister chromatids

A

Anaphase

48
Q

Centromeres divide.

A

Anaphase

49
Q

The single chromatids move towards the

A

opposite poles

50
Q

Two sets of chromosomes are surrounded by new nuclear membranes, completing the nuclear division process known as

A

karyokinesis

51
Q

Cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis occurs concurrently, splitting the cell into two.

A

telophase stage

52
Q

The microtubules disappear

A

telophase stage

53
Q

The chromosomes are now at the opposing poles of the spindle.

A

telophase stage

54
Q

In animal cells, two grooves or indentations known as ____________ ______________ form at both ends of the metaphase plate during telophase

A

cleavage furrows

55
Q

cell wall

A

cell plate

56
Q

body cells

A

somatic

57
Q

sex cells

A

gametes

58
Q

human somatic cells have how many chromosomes?

A

46 chromosomes

59
Q

in reproductive cells or gametes, each of these cells produced has only how many chromosomes

A

23 chromosomes

60
Q

5 stages of prophase 1 stage

A

substage 1 : leptotene
substage 2 : zygotene
substage 3 : pachytene
substage 4 : diplotene
substage 5 : diakinesis

61
Q

Which factor controls hereditary traits?

A

genes

62
Q

Which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

s phase

63
Q

Which stage in the life of a cell is spent most

A

interphase

64
Q

what happens during karyokinesis?

A

division of nucleus

65
Q

Humans have diploid chromosome number (2N) which is equal to 46 chromosomes. What is the chromosome number of each daughter cell produced during meiosis?

A

23 chromosomes

66
Q

Which stage of mitosis where the chromatids of chromosomes separate and begin to move away from each other?

A

anaphase stage

67
Q

There are 64 chromosomes of a fern plant. After mitosis, each daughter cell formed will have how many chromosomes?

A

32 chromosomes

68
Q

The following statements are true about meiosis EXCEPT:
It occurs in reproductive cells.
It results in four haploid (N) daughter cells.
Exchanging of genetic material does not occur.
Pulling apart of homologous pairs of chromosomes occurs.

A

Exchanging of genetic material does not occur.

69
Q

Genes consist of

A

DNA

70
Q

Chromosomes are structures found in the cell __________ that contain a person’s genes.

A

nucleus

71
Q

Every normal human somatic cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a total of __________ chromosomes.

A

46

72
Q

The cell undergoes a cycle that may be divided into two stages, the __________ and the cell division or mitotic phase.

A

Interphase

73
Q

The interphase is divided into three phases namely: the gap one phase (G1), the __________ phase, and the gap two phase (G2).

A

Synthesis (S)

74
Q

There are four distinct stages of mitosis namely: prophase, __________, anaphase, and telophase.

A

metaphase

75
Q

During mitosis, two things occur. These are the nuclear division and the cytoplasmic division called ____________.

A

cytokinesis

76
Q

Each spindle fiber from both ___________ connects to the kinetochore of each chromosome.

A

centrioles

77
Q

In plant cells, _________ forms and becomes a new cell wall dividing the cytoplasm into two parts.

A

cell plate

78
Q

The outcome of meiosis is the production of four _________ (N) daughter cells.

A

haploid

79
Q

What is the substage of prophase I where the pairing of chromosomes begins?

A

zygotene

80
Q

Which stage of your development as a human being when you were just one cell?

A

zygote

science 4th quarter (5 decks)

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