Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the two basic types of cell
Genetic cells - reproductive cells (sperm and egg cell)
Somatic cells - non reproductive cells
What are the two processes that proliferate cells
Mitosis - proliferation of somatic cells
Meiosis - proliferation of genetic cells
What is the cell cycle
A cycle of stages that cells go through in order to divide and produce new cells
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Abbreviation to remember: IPMAT
What are the stages of interphase
G1 - pre DNA synthesis phase (growth)
S - DNA synthesis phase
G2 - Post DNA synthesis phase (growth and preparation for mitosis)
M - mitosis (cell division)
What is interphase
When the cell is preparing to duplicate
What happens during the synthesis stage of interphase
Chromosomes copy one-chromatid structure to a two-chromatid structure (sister chromatid)
What happens in prophase
-Chromosomes visible
-two centrosomes go to opposite pole
-spindle fiber forms
-nucleolus disappears
What happens in metaphase
-chromosomes line up at equator and attaches to spindle
What happens in anaphase
-chromosomes separate at centromere and moves to opposite poles
What happens in telophase
-chromosomes disappear
-nucleus membrane reforms
-nucleoli (nucleolus) reappears
-spindle disappears
What is cytokinesis and what happens during cytokinesis
It is the division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells
-the organelles are divided
-the daughter cells are genetically identical
What is meiosis and what happens during meiosis
It is the process of reduction division and only occurs in reproductive cells
-one diploid changes to 4 haploids (one parent cells to 4 daughter cells)
What happens during meiosis I
Homologous chromosomes separate
What happens during meiosis II
Sister chromatids separate
-telophase II + cytokinesis II—> anaphase II —> metaphase II —> prophase II —> interkinesis
