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Intro Biochemical Engineerig > Cell Cultivation > Flashcards

Cell Cultivation Flashcards

1
Q

Type of media with undefined composition

A

Natural media

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2
Q

Type of media with a chemically defined composition of known organic and inorganic components.

A

Synthetic media

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3
Q

Examples of synthetic media

A

Glucose, sucrose, ammonia, urea, amino acids

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4
Q

Examples of natural media

A

Molasses, corn steep liquor, coconut water, yeast extract, beef extract

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5
Q

Molasses

A

Glucose

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6
Q

Corn steep liquor

A

Sucrose

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7
Q

Coconut water

A

Ammonia

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8
Q

Yeast extract

A

Urea

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9
Q

Amino acids

A

Beef extract

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10
Q

Sterilization

A

Destroys contaminant

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11
Q

Rule of thumb for sterilization

A

30 psia, 15 mins, 121 deg C

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12
Q

Sterilization: Lab scale

A

Autoclave 30 psia, 15 mins

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13
Q

Sterilization: Large scale

A

Steam injection

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14
Q

Seeding the culture with microbial material

A

Inoculation

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15
Q

Rule of thumb for Inoculation

A

5-10% working volume

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16
Q

How are parameters of Fermentation being done?

A

Monitored, controlled, and maintained

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17
Q

Examples of downstream processing

A

Centrifugation, distillation, filtration

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18
Q

Examples of biological agents

A

Bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae
Plant/animal cell
Subcellular components like enzymes

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19
Q

What is microbiology?

A

Study of living things that are usually too small to be seen with a naked eye

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20
Q

Rule of thumb for microbiology

A

0.1 mm diameter or less

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21
Q

Living organisms may be classified based on

A

Cell structure
Carbon source
Energy source
Aerobic requirements

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22
Q

Classification based on cell structure

A

Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell

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23
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

Do not contain membrane-enclosed nucleus or no nuclear envelope

24
Q

A type of cell that’s relatively small and simpler cells

A

Prokaryotes

25
Eukaryotic cells
Relatively large and more complex
26
Example of prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
27
Example of eukaryotic cell
Animal & plant Fungi/ yeast
28
Classifications based on carbon source
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
29
Autotroph
Uses CO2 as carbon source
30
Heterotrophs
Use fancier carbon compounds as carbon source ( glucose, ethanol, sucrose)
31
Examples of autotrophs
Plants ALGAE Some bacteria Phytoplankton
32
Example of heterotrophs
Animals FUNGI Most Protozoa Most BACTERIA
33
Classification according to energy source
Chemotrophs (Chemical) Phototrophs (Light)
34
Chemotrophs
Organic compounds
35
Chemoautotrophs
Carbon dioxide
36
Chemoheterotrophs
Organic compounds
37
Photoheterotrophs
Organic compounds
38
Photoautotrophs
Carbon dioxide
39
Classification according to aerobic requirements
Aerobic Anaerobic Facultative anaerobes
40
Aerobic
Requires oxygen for growth
41
Anaerobic
No oxygen requirement Uses nitrates Sulfides CO2
42
Facultative anaerobes
Grown in the presence/absence of oxygen
43
Steps to produce vinegar
Alcohol + Oxygen + bacteria
44
Protists
Unicellular organisms
45
Classification of fungi
Molds Yeasts
46
Bacterial shapes
Bacillus (rod) Coccus (sphere) Spirillus (spiral)
47
Difference between gram positive & gram negative
BACTERIA Gram positive - thick layer of peptidoglycan; no outer membrane Gram negative - single later of peptidoglycan; with outer membrane
48
Which type of bacteria that can easily absorb surrounding materials
Gram positive
49
Type of bacteria which is harder to kill and quick to develop resistance
Gram negative
50
Yeast bio processing
Asexual reproduction: Budding & fission Sexual reproduction: Haploid cells -> fuse in diploid cell -> sporulates into haploids cell
51
Higher fungi with vegetative structured called “mycelium”
Molds
52
Example of mold
Penicillium chrysogenum
53
Importance of biochemical engineering in bioprocessing involving ‘molds’
Limit the amount of phosphate nutrients and certain metals such as iron, manganese, & copper forces for Aspergillus Niger to produce citric acid instead of oxalic acid as main product of fermentation
54
Gram straining steps
Crystal violet -> iodine -> ethanol -> safranin
55
In gram straining, which type of bacteria is being colored with crystal violet?
Gram positive
56
Iodine purpose in gram straining
For crystal violet to stick
57
Gram straining: Crystal violet vs Iodine vs Ethanol vs Safranin
Crystal violet - stain the gram positive Iodine - stick the Crystal violet to the bacteria Ethanol - washing of cv Safranin - color the gram negative with pink

Intro Biochemical Engineerig (2 decks)

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