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Intro Biochemical Engineerig > Cell Cultivation > Flashcards

Cell Cultivation Flashcards

1
Q

Type of media with undefined composition

A

Natural media

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2
Q

Type of media with a chemically defined composition of known organic and inorganic components.

A

Synthetic media

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3
Q

Examples of synthetic media

A

Glucose, sucrose, ammonia, urea, amino acids

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4
Q

Examples of natural media

A

Molasses, corn steep liquor, coconut water, yeast extract, beef extract

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5
Q

Molasses

A

Glucose

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6
Q

Corn steep liquor

A

Sucrose

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7
Q

Coconut water

A

Ammonia

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8
Q

Yeast extract

A

Urea

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9
Q

Amino acids

A

Beef extract

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10
Q

Sterilization

A

Destroys contaminant

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11
Q

Rule of thumb for sterilization

A

30 psia, 15 mins, 121 deg C

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12
Q

Sterilization: Lab scale

A

Autoclave 30 psia, 15 mins

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13
Q

Sterilization: Large scale

A

Steam injection

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14
Q

Seeding the culture with microbial material

A

Inoculation

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15
Q

Rule of thumb for Inoculation

A

5-10% working volume

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16
Q

How are parameters of Fermentation being done?

A

Monitored, controlled, and maintained

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17
Q

Examples of downstream processing

A

Centrifugation, distillation, filtration

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18
Q

Examples of biological agents

A

Bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae
Plant/animal cell
Subcellular components like enzymes

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19
Q

What is microbiology?

A

Study of living things that are usually too small to be seen with a naked eye

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20
Q

Rule of thumb for microbiology

A

0.1 mm diameter or less

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21
Q

Living organisms may be classified based on

A

Cell structure
Carbon source
Energy source
Aerobic requirements

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22
Q

Classification based on cell structure

A

Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell

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23
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

Do not contain membrane-enclosed nucleus or no nuclear envelope

24
Q

A type of cell that’s relatively small and simpler cells

A

Prokaryotes

25
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Relatively large and more complex

26
Q

Example of prokaryotic cell

A

Bacteria

27
Q

Example of eukaryotic cell

A

Animal & plant
Fungi/ yeast

28
Q

Classifications based on carbon source

A

Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

29
Q

Autotroph

A

Uses CO2 as carbon source

30
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Use fancier carbon compounds as carbon source ( glucose, ethanol, sucrose)

31
Q

Examples of autotrophs

A

Plants
ALGAE
Some bacteria
Phytoplankton

32
Q

Example of heterotrophs

A

Animals
FUNGI
Most Protozoa
Most BACTERIA

33
Q

Classification according to energy source

A

Chemotrophs (Chemical)
Phototrophs (Light)

34
Q

Chemotrophs

A

Organic compounds

35
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Carbon dioxide

36
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

Organic compounds

37
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

Organic compounds

38
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Carbon dioxide

39
Q

Classification according to aerobic requirements

A

Aerobic
Anaerobic
Facultative anaerobes

40
Q

Aerobic

A

Requires oxygen for growth

41
Q

Anaerobic

A

No oxygen requirement
Uses nitrates
Sulfides CO2

42
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Grown in the presence/absence of oxygen

43
Q

Steps to produce vinegar

A

Alcohol + Oxygen + bacteria

44
Q

Protists

A

Unicellular organisms

45
Q

Classification of fungi

A

Molds
Yeasts

46
Q

Bacterial shapes

A

Bacillus (rod)
Coccus (sphere)
Spirillus (spiral)

47
Q

Difference between gram positive & gram negative

A

BACTERIA
Gram positive - thick layer of peptidoglycan; no outer membrane
Gram negative - single later of peptidoglycan; with outer membrane

48
Q

Which type of bacteria that can easily absorb surrounding materials

A

Gram positive

49
Q

Type of bacteria which is harder to kill and quick to develop resistance

A

Gram negative

50
Q

Yeast bio processing

A

Asexual reproduction: Budding & fission
Sexual reproduction: Haploid cells -> fuse in diploid cell -> sporulates into haploids cell

51
Q

Higher fungi with vegetative structured called “mycelium”

A

Molds

52
Q

Example of mold

A

Penicillium chrysogenum

53
Q

Importance of biochemical engineering in bioprocessing involving ‘molds’

A

Limit the amount of phosphate nutrients and certain metals such as iron, manganese, & copper forces for Aspergillus Niger to produce citric acid instead of oxalic acid as main product of fermentation

54
Q

Gram straining steps

A

Crystal violet -> iodine -> ethanol -> safranin

55
Q

In gram straining, which type of bacteria is being colored with crystal violet?

A

Gram positive

56
Q

Iodine purpose in gram straining

A

For crystal violet to stick

57
Q

Gram straining:
Crystal violet vs Iodine vs Ethanol vs Safranin

A

Crystal violet - stain the gram positive
Iodine - stick the Crystal violet to the bacteria
Ethanol - washing of cv
Safranin - color the gram negative with pink

Intro Biochemical Engineerig (2 decks)

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