cell communication Flashcards
contact dependent
cell to cell contact by ligand and receptor
paracrine
close by (neighboring)
synaptic
nerve cells transmit signals
endocrine
long distance signaling through hormones in bloodstream
ion channel linked receptors
binds ligands and opens channel to allow ion to pass through
g protein linked receptors
activates enzyme
enzyme linked receptors
activates enzyme initiating signaling cascades
what is the role of Nitric oxide (NO)?
causes rapid relaxation of smooth muscle cell
define hormones
hormones are organic compounds that are made in glands and secreted in blood to transport to target cells
how are hormones regulated?
by production of receptors by target cells and they act at low concentrations
list steroid hormones
progesterone
androgen
estrogen
corticosteroids
list peptide hormones
ACTH TSH MSH LH FSH Growth hormone insulin glucagon
list amino acid derivatives
catecholamines and thyroid hormones
list of hormones with some hormone like properties
vitamin D prostaglandins growth factors and cytokines retinoids endorphins acetylcholine
what does PI-3 kinase result in?
growth and prolonged cell survival
what cleaves PIP-2 into DAG and IP3?
phospholipase c
what does DAG and Ca2+ lead to?
activation of protein kinase c
what do kinases do ?
phosphorylate proteins
what does elF4E and S6 kinase do?
increases protein synthesis
what do GTPases do?
binds to GTP to hydrolyze it to GDP
what stimulates growth and cell survival?
SHP1
SHP2
IL-3
what does an increase in cyclic AMP do?
activates gene transcription
first messengers vs second messengers
first messengers are extracellular signaling molecules which induce second messengers
second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules
what does catecholamine (a hormone) bind to that inhibits adenylate cyclase?
alpha-2 adrenergic
