Cell Chemistry

Question 1

What do only living organism produce?

Answer 1

Organic compounds

Question 2

Define Mechanism

Answer 2

Belief that all natural phenomena are governed by physical and chemical laws

-began when scientists could synthesize organic compounds in the laboratory

Question 3

Vitalism

Answer 3

Belief that outside force exists Beyond the Jurisdiction of chemical and physical laws

Question 4

How did mechanism begin? Who were the people and what did they come up with?

Answer 4

When scientist synthesized organic compounds in the laboratory
-whole- urea
- kolbe- acetic acid
-Miller- amino acids

Question 5

Structure

Answer 5

Carbon has atomic number of 6 therefore it has 4 valence electrons

Question 6

Properties

Answer 6

Carbon forms 4 covenant bonds (it is not likely to form ionic bonds)

Question 7

Carbon has a tetravalent electron configuration that’s allows it?

Answer 7

A. The making of large complex molecules
B. It to be compatible with most elements
C. It to determine its 3-dimensional shape
D. It to form chains and rings
E. It to form single, double, and triple bonds

Question 8

Bonding

Answer 8

Can form polar and non-poler covalent bonds

Question 9

Variations in skeleton?

Answer 9

They vary in length, number, elements bonded, and shape

Question 10

Hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Made of carbon and hydrogen
Are non-polar
-examples: methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane etc.
-most end in ane

Question 11

Isomers

Answer 11

Compounds with the same molecules formula but with different structures and properties

Question 12

List the 3 types of isomers?

Answer 12

Structural
Geometric
Sterioisomers

Question 13

What’s structural isomers?

Answer 13

Have a different covalent arrangement of their atoms
- the number of isomers increase as the carbon skeleton increases

Question 14

What’s geometric Isomers?

Answer 14

Shares the same covalent partnerships, but differs in their spatial arrangements
- results from the = bond which will not allow the atoms to rotate freely
- can affect their biological activity
- CIS from ( On the same side)
- trans from (across)

Question 15

What’s stereiosomers (Enantiomers or mirror images)

Answer 15

Occur when the atoms bond to the same carbon
-there 2 different spatial arrangements
- usually one form is biologically active and the other is not
- they are not superimposable

Question 16

What are functional groups?

Answer 16

Are small characteristics groups of atoms that are frequently bonded to the carbon skeleton of organic groups

• they have specific chemical and physical properties
• they are regions of organic molecules which are chemically reactive
• depending of a functional groups arrangement, they determine unique chemical properties of organic molecules in which they occur

Question 17

Name the 6 functional groups ?

Answer 17

Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate

Question 18

Name 2 functions in the carbonyl group?

Answer 18

Aldehyde
Ketone

Question 19

What is a Hydroxly?

Answer 19

-polar
-Makes the molecules attached to its water soluble.
-An alcohol
-(OH)

Question 20

What’s is a carbonyl group?

Answer 20

-polar
-makes the molecules attached to it water soluble
-found im reducing sugars(-CO)
- examples are aldehyde amd ketone

Question 21

What is Methyl

Answer 21

Non-polar
-alcohol

Question 22

What is Carboxyl group?

Answer 22

polar
-Makes the molecules attached to it water soluble
-carboxyl groups will release H+ in solution making the solution acidic
-when attached to a carbon chain rgey are called carboxylic acids (organic acids)
-(COOH)

Question 23

What is amino acid

Answer 23

-polar
-mskes the molecule attached to it water soluble
-Acts as a weak base by removing H+
-called armines
(-Nh2)
Picks up hydro

Question 24

What is Sulfhydryl group?

Answer 24

-present in many biologically active molecules such as coenzymes and certain proteins
- as disulfide bonds connect necessary amino acids together for functional purpose in, tertiary, or quaternary protein structures
-called thiols
-(-SH)

Question 25

Define what phosphate group is?

Answer 25

polar
-makes the molecules attached to it water soluble
-acts as a weak acid by releasing H+
-loss ph H+ buy disassociation leaves the group with a negative charge
-(H3PO4)

Question 26

Organic chemistry

Answer 26

Chemistry that specializes in in the study of carbon molecules

Question 27

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 27

If it doesn’t contain carbon it’s inorganic! (Exception Co1, CO2)