Cell Chemistry Flashcards
What do only living organism produce?
Organic compounds
Define Mechanism
Belief that all natural phenomena are governed by physical and chemical laws
-began when scientists could synthesize organic compounds in the laboratory
Vitalism
Belief that outside force exists Beyond the Jurisdiction of chemical and physical laws
How did mechanism begin? Who were the people and what did they come up with?
When scientist synthesized organic compounds in the laboratory
-whole- urea
- kolbe- acetic acid
-Miller- amino acids
Structure
Carbon has atomic number of 6 therefore it has 4 valence electrons
Properties
Carbon forms 4 covenant bonds (it is not likely to form ionic bonds)
Carbon has a tetravalent electron configuration that’s allows it?
A. The making of large complex molecules
B. It to be compatible with most elements
C. It to determine its 3-dimensional shape
D. It to form chains and rings
E. It to form single, double, and triple bonds
Bonding
Can form polar and non-poler covalent bonds
Variations in skeleton?
They vary in length, number, elements bonded, and shape
Hydrocarbons
Made of carbon and hydrogen
Are non-polar
-examples: methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane etc.
-most end in ane
Isomers
Compounds with the same molecules formula but with different structures and properties
List the 3 types of isomers?
Structural
Geometric
Sterioisomers
What’s structural isomers?
Have a different covalent arrangement of their atoms
- the number of isomers increase as the carbon skeleton increases
What’s geometric Isomers?
Shares the same covalent partnerships, but differs in their spatial arrangements
- results from the = bond which will not allow the atoms to rotate freely
- can affect their biological activity
- CIS from ( On the same side)
- trans from (across)
What’s stereiosomers (Enantiomers or mirror images)
Occur when the atoms bond to the same carbon
-there 2 different spatial arrangements
- usually one form is biologically active and the other is not
- they are not superimposable
What are functional groups?
Are small characteristics groups of atoms that are frequently bonded to the carbon skeleton of organic groups
- they have specific chemical and physical properties
- they are regions of organic molecules which are chemically reactive
- depending of a functional groups arrangement, they determine unique chemical properties of organic molecules in which they occur
Name the 6 functional groups ?
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
Name 2 functions in the carbonyl group?
Aldehyde
Ketone
What is a Hydroxly?
-polar
-Makes the molecules attached to its water soluble.
-An alcohol
-(OH)
What’s is a carbonyl group?
-polar
-makes the molecules attached to it water soluble
-found im reducing sugars(-CO)
- examples are aldehyde amd ketone
What is Methyl
Non-polar
-alcohol
What is Carboxyl group?
polar
-Makes the molecules attached to it water soluble
-carboxyl groups will release H+ in solution making the solution acidic
-when attached to a carbon chain rgey are called carboxylic acids (organic acids)
-(COOH)
What is amino acid
-polar
-mskes the molecule attached to it water soluble
-Acts as a weak base by removing H+
-called armines
(-Nh2)
Picks up hydro
What is Sulfhydryl group?
-present in many biologically active molecules such as coenzymes and certain proteins
- as disulfide bonds connect necessary amino acids together for functional purpose in, tertiary, or quaternary protein structures
-called thiols
-(-SH)
