cell biology NAT 5 revision Flashcards
Name eight cell structures found in a plant cell
cell wall , chloroplast , vacuole , cell membrane , cytoplasm , mitochondria, nucleus , ribosomes
A fungal cell has the same cell structures as a plant cell with the exception of one. what is the name of the structure missing from the fungal cell?
chloroplast
which cell type contains plasmids?
bacterial cells
name the site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
name the site of aerobic respiration
mitochondria
what is 3mm in micrometers
3000micrometers
name the process by which substances like oxygen , glucose and CO2 pass through a cell membrane
diffusion
what name is given to the movement of water from a region of high water concentration and low concentration region where molecules pass through
concentration gradient
what name is given to the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane
osmosis
what name is given to the fact that the process of diffusion and osmosis do not require energy?
passive
if a red blood is put into pure water what happens?
it bursts because water passes into the cell by osmosis and there is no cell wall to prevent it from bursting
if a red blood cell is put into a concentrated salt or sugar solution, what happens?
it shrinks because water passes out of the cell by osmosis
what happens when a plant cell is put into pure water?
it becomes turgid. water passes in by osmosis and it does not burst because of the protection from the cell wall
what happens when a plant cell is put into a concentrated salt solution ?
it becomes plasmolysed as water passes out of the cell by osmosis
what name is given to the process by which a substance is moved from a region of low concentration to a region of high water concentration against a concentration gradient
active transport
name four bases that are found in a chromosome
A , T , C , G
how to the bases pair up on a chromosome
A-T and C-G
during protein synthesis, which strand is composed from a DNA strand in the nucleus
messenger RNA strand
During protein synthesis, which structures are assembled at the ribosome?
Amino Acids are assembled to form a protein
what determines the shape of an active site on an enzyme?
the sequence of amino acids
what do enzymes do to the speed of a reaction ?
speed it up
what happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
they become denatured
what word is used to describe the best set of conditions that an enzyme works at?
optimum
during genetic engineering which structure is removed from the bacterium and a human gene inserted?
plasmid
