cell biology NAT 5 revision

Question 1

Name eight cell structures found in a plant cell

Answer 1

cell wall , chloroplast , vacuole , cell membrane , cytoplasm , mitochondria, nucleus , ribosomes

Question 2

A fungal cell has the same cell structures as a plant cell with the exception of one. what is the name of the structure missing from the fungal cell?

Answer 2

chloroplast

Question 3

which cell type contains plasmids?

Answer 3

bacterial cells

Question 4

name the site of protein synthesis

Answer 4

ribosomes

Question 5

name the site of aerobic respiration

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

what is 3mm in micrometers

Answer 6

3000micrometers

Question 7

name the process by which substances like oxygen , glucose and CO2 pass through a cell membrane

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

what name is given to the movement of water from a region of high water concentration and low concentration region where molecules pass through

Answer 8

concentration gradient

Question 9

what name is given to the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane

Answer 9

osmosis

Question 10

what name is given to the fact that the process of diffusion and osmosis do not require energy?

Answer 10

passive

Question 11

if a red blood is put into pure water what happens?

Answer 11

it bursts because water passes into the cell by osmosis and there is no cell wall to prevent it from bursting

Question 12

if a red blood cell is put into a concentrated salt or sugar solution, what happens?

Answer 12

it shrinks because water passes out of the cell by osmosis

Question 13

what happens when a plant cell is put into pure water?

Answer 13

it becomes turgid. water passes in by osmosis and it does not burst because of the protection from the cell wall

Question 14

what happens when a plant cell is put into a concentrated salt solution ?

Answer 14

it becomes plasmolysed as water passes out of the cell by osmosis

Question 15

what name is given to the process by which a substance is moved from a region of low concentration to a region of high water concentration against a concentration gradient

Answer 15

active transport

Question 16

name four bases that are found in a chromosome

Answer 16

A , T , C , G

Question 17

how to the bases pair up on a chromosome

Answer 17

A-T and C-G

Question 18

during protein synthesis, which strand is composed from a DNA strand in the nucleus

Answer 18

messenger RNA strand

Question 19

During protein synthesis, which structures are assembled at the ribosome?

Answer 19

Amino Acids are assembled to form a protein

Question 20

what determines the shape of an active site on an enzyme?

Answer 20

the sequence of amino acids

Question 21

what do enzymes do to the speed of a reaction ?

Answer 21

speed it up

Question 22

what happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

Answer 22

they become denatured

Question 23

what word is used to describe the best set of conditions that an enzyme works at?

Answer 23

optimum

Question 24

during genetic engineering which structure is removed from the bacterium and a human gene inserted?

Answer 24

plasmid

Question 25

what useful products have been made through genetic engineering ?

Answer 25

insulin , human growth hormone

Question 26

what name is given to the substance that an enzyme works on?

Answer 26

substrate

Question 27

what word is used to describe the fact that only one enzyme fits one substrate?

Answer 27

specific

Question 28

what is the full name of ATP?

Answer 28

adenosine triphosphate

Question 29

what joins together to make ATP?

Answer 29

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate

Question 30

name two processes in the body that require the energy from ATP

Answer 30

muscle contraction, Nerve impulses , protein synthesis, cell devision

Question 31

during the first stage of respiration, what is glucose broken down into?

Answer 31

pyruvate

Question 32

what is the first stage of respiration called?

Answer 32

glycolysis

Question 33

where does the first stage of respiration take place?

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

where does the second stage of respiration take place?

Answer 34

mitochondria

Question 35

what is the second stage of respiration called?

Answer 35

aerobic respiration

Question 36

write the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 36

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + 38 ATP

Question 37

how many ATPs are made during aerobic respiration?

Answer 37

38ATP

Question 38

during exercise animal cells respire anaerobically , what substance is pyruvate broken down into?

Answer 38

lactic acid

Question 39

how many ATPs are made during anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

Answer 39

2ATPs

Question 40

if plants respire anaerobically when they have been overwatered , what substance does pyruvate get turned into ?

Answer 40

Ethanol + carbon dioxide