cell biology NAT 4 revision

Question 1

How many daughter cells are produced each time a cell divides by cell decision

Answer 1

2

Question 2

What name is given to chromosomes in this state? (they look like an X)

Answer 2

chromatids

Question 3

What name is given to chromatids when they separate again after decision?

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

How many cells would be produced after 3 hours when one cell divides every 30 minutes

Answer 4

64 cells

Question 5

How many cells would be produced after 3 hours when one cell divides ever 20 minutes?

Answer 5

512 cells

Question 6

How many chromosomes are in the nucleus of cells in the human body?

Answer 6

46 cells

Question 7

Which cells in the body only have 23 chromosomes in their nucleus?

Answer 7

egg and sperm cells

Question 8

Which structures do chromosomes hold that decide features in the body ?

Answer 8

Genes

Question 9

What are genes made of ?

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

Each gene contains instructions to make cells in our body made of what?

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

How many other people have the same DNA as one person?

Answer 11

no one - everyone has their own unique DNA

Question 12

What is the name of the condition where the body is unable to control blood glucose levels because of a lack of insulin in the body?

Answer 12

diabetes

Question 13

Give 3 uses of stem cells

Answer 13

corneal repairs , skin grafts and bone marrow transplants to treat leukaemia

Question 14

Why is stem cell technology controversial?

Answer 14

you have to kill an embryo to obtain the stem cells

Question 15

What is the benefit of stem cell technology?

Answer 15

you can treat burns with skin grafts made from stem cells. You can treat leukaemia with new bone marrow made from stem cells. You can restore someone’s sight by doing a corneal repair using stem cells

Question 16

what are enzymes made of?

Answer 16

protein

Question 17

what do enzymes do to chemical reactions ?

Answer 17

they speed up the rate but remain unchanged

Question 18

how many substrates does each enzymes work on

Answer 18

one

Question 19

what word is used to describe the fact that each enzyme only works on one substrate. for example, amylase enzyme only works on starch and catalase enzyme only works on hydrogen peroxide

Answer 19

specific

Question 20

why are microorganisms like bacteria good for industry processes like cleaning sewage or making yoghurt ?

Answer 20

they can grow quickly

Question 21

name a food product using bacteria

Answer 21

cheese and yoghurt

Question 22

name a useful product mate using the fungus yeast

Answer 22

bread and alcohol

Question 23

name three limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 23

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

Question 24

Name two products made by a plant during photosynthesis

Answer 24

glucose and oxygen gas

Question 25

name three factors that can increase the rate of respiration

Answer 25

increased oxygen availability, increased glucose and increased temperature

Question 26

what happens to respiration at temperature about 40 degrees

Answer 26

it stops as the enzymes controlling respiration become denatured