Cell Biology Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
Magnification of scanning objective lens
4x
Magnification of low power objective lens
10x
Magnification of high dry objective lens
40x
Magnification of oil immersion lens
100x
Total magnification of scanning objective lens
40
Total magnification of low power objective lens
100
Total magnification of high dry objective lens
400
Total magnification of oil immersion lens
1000
Entropy
Randomness disorder
Two types of systems
- State of one component does NOT affect the state of another component, gas molecules, or coins.
- State of one component does affect the state of another component.
(Lab 1) Why is betacyanin not normally permeable through beet cell membranes? What property would allow betacyanin to permeate more easily through beet cell membranes? Why does that property allow easy passage through cell membranes?
It is not permeable through the beet cell membrane as it is water-soluble due to phospholipids. Under certain conditions the cell membrane allows the betacyanin to permeate through the beet cell membrane.
(Lab 1) Why does the heat treatment cause leakage of betacyanin from beet cells? Why does the freezing treatment cause leakage of betacyanin from beet cells?
The increase in temperature makes the flow of the fatty acid in the phospholipid bilayer which increase leading to the leakage of betacyanin. In freezing temperatures, we know that when something freezes it expands which then causes ruptures of the membrane and leads to leakage of betacyanin.
(Lab 1) Why does acetone and methanol cause leakage of betacyanin from beet cells?
Methanol and acetone are capable of dissolving hydrophobic such as phospholipids. Beet cells are phospholipids. Acetone is less soluble in water because it is less polar. Acetone can disrupt the lipids in the phospholipids bilayer faster. So, acetone will cause more damage to beet cell membranes than methanol.
(Lab 1) Which treatment in this experiment functions as the control? What is the purpose of control in a controlled experiment? How would not having used control in this experiment have affected your ability to interpret the effect of the temperature and solvent treatments on the beetroots?
The control in this experiment is water at room temperature. The purpose of a control in a controlled experiment is used to compare against the other results. It would have affected it because we wouldn’t been able to seen the difference the solvents had on beet cells.
(Lab 1) What is the most important reason for doing statistical analysis of data?
Statistical analysis of data is very useful to show that the data means something.
(Lab 4) (Data table 1) Did the different concentrations of peroxidase have different effects on the reaction? If so what was the effect?
Yes, the different concentration of peroxidase have different effects on the reaction. The effect was that different amounts of the concentrations on each tube determine how fast the reaction would go up.
(Lab 4) (Data table 2) What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity?
The effect that temperature has on an enzyme activity is that lowering the temperature slows down a reaction and when the temperature is high the reaction speeds up.
(Lab 4) (Data table 2) Which temperature saw the slowest reaction? The fastest? Does the enzyme peroxidase appear to have reached or passed its optimum temperature at 50 degrees celsius?
The temperature that saw the slowest reaction was 0 degrees Celsius. The temperature that saw the fastest reaction was 35 degrees Celsius. No, the enzyme peroxidase doesn’t appear to have passed its optimum temperature at 50 degrees Celsius.
(Lab 4) (Data table 3) Which pH saw the slowest creation? The fastest?
The pH that saw the lowest reaction was pH of 3. The pH that saw the fastest reaction was pH of 7.
(Lab 4) What effect does the pH of the solution have on enzyme activity? Explain the mechanism behind the effect.
Enzymes have an optimal pH value, so when a pH decreases so does the enzyme activity.
(Lab 4) Did hydroxylamine have an effect upon the reaction rate of peroxidase? If so, what effect was observed?
No, hydroxylamine didn’t have a huge effect on the reaction rate of peroxidase. It was almost the same as the normal extract.
(Lab 4) Based on the structure of hydroxylamine, would you expect hydroxylamine to be a competitive or noncompetitive inhibitor?
I would expect hydroxylamine to be a competitive inhibitor.
