Cell Biology Lab Exam 1

Question 1

Magnification of scanning objective lens

Answer 1

4x

Question 2

Magnification of low power objective lens

Answer 2

10x

Question 3

Magnification of high dry objective lens

Answer 3

40x

Question 4

Magnification of oil immersion lens

Answer 4

100x

Question 5

Total magnification of scanning objective lens

Answer 5

40

Question 6

Total magnification of low power objective lens

Answer 6

100

Question 7

Total magnification of high dry objective lens

Answer 7

400

Question 8

Total magnification of oil immersion lens

Answer 8

1000

Question 9

Entropy

Answer 9

Randomness disorder

Question 10

Two types of systems

Answer 10

1. State of one component does NOT affect the state of another component, gas molecules, or coins.
2. State of one component does affect the state of another component.

Question 11

(Lab 1) Why is betacyanin not normally permeable through beet cell membranes? What property would allow betacyanin to permeate more easily through beet cell membranes? Why does that property allow easy passage through cell membranes?

Answer 11

It is not permeable through the beet cell membrane as it is water-soluble due to phospholipids. Under certain conditions the cell membrane allows the betacyanin to permeate through the beet cell membrane.

Question 12

(Lab 1) Why does the heat treatment cause leakage of betacyanin from beet cells? Why does the freezing treatment cause leakage of betacyanin from beet cells?

Answer 12

The increase in temperature makes the flow of the fatty acid in the phospholipid bilayer which increase leading to the leakage of betacyanin. In freezing temperatures, we know that when something freezes it expands which then causes ruptures of the membrane and leads to leakage of betacyanin.

Question 13

(Lab 1) Why does acetone and methanol cause leakage of betacyanin from beet cells?

Answer 13

Methanol and acetone are capable of dissolving hydrophobic such as phospholipids. Beet cells are phospholipids. Acetone is less soluble in water because it is less polar. Acetone can disrupt the lipids in the phospholipids bilayer faster. So, acetone will cause more damage to beet cell membranes than methanol.

Question 14

(Lab 1) Which treatment in this experiment functions as the control? What is the purpose of control in a controlled experiment? How would not having used control in this experiment have affected your ability to interpret the effect of the temperature and solvent treatments on the beetroots?

Answer 14

The control in this experiment is water at room temperature. The purpose of a control in a controlled experiment is used to compare against the other results. It would have affected it because we wouldn’t been able to seen the difference the solvents had on beet cells.

Question 15

(Lab 1) What is the most important reason for doing statistical analysis of data?

Answer 15

Statistical analysis of data is very useful to show that the data means something.

Question 16

(Lab 4) (Data table 1) Did the different concentrations of peroxidase have different effects on the reaction? If so what was the effect?

Answer 16

Yes, the different concentration of peroxidase have different effects on the reaction. The effect was that different amounts of the concentrations on each tube determine how fast the reaction would go up.

Question 17

(Lab 4) (Data table 2) What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity?

Answer 17

The effect that temperature has on an enzyme activity is that lowering the temperature slows down a reaction and when the temperature is high the reaction speeds up.

Question 18

(Lab 4) (Data table 2) Which temperature saw the slowest reaction? The fastest? Does the enzyme peroxidase appear to have reached or passed its optimum temperature at 50 degrees celsius?

Answer 18

The temperature that saw the slowest reaction was 0 degrees Celsius. The temperature that saw the fastest reaction was 35 degrees Celsius. No, the enzyme peroxidase doesn’t appear to have passed its optimum temperature at 50 degrees Celsius.

Question 19

(Lab 4) (Data table 3) Which pH saw the slowest creation? The fastest?

Answer 19

The pH that saw the lowest reaction was pH of 3. The pH that saw the fastest reaction was pH of 7.

Question 20

(Lab 4) What effect does the pH of the solution have on enzyme activity? Explain the mechanism behind the effect.

Answer 20

Enzymes have an optimal pH value, so when a pH decreases so does the enzyme activity.

Question 21

(Lab 4) Did hydroxylamine have an effect upon the reaction rate of peroxidase? If so, what effect was observed?

Answer 21

No, hydroxylamine didn’t have a huge effect on the reaction rate of peroxidase. It was almost the same as the normal extract.

Question 22

(Lab 4) Based on the structure of hydroxylamine, would you expect hydroxylamine to be a competitive or noncompetitive inhibitor?

Answer 22

I would expect hydroxylamine to be a competitive inhibitor.