Cell Biology Key Words Flashcards
Paper 1
Eukaryotic
A complex cell e.g. plant and animal cells
Prokaryotic
organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles
Nucleus
Contains genetic information so controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm
Gel-like substance where most chemical reactions take place
Cell membrane
Controls what goes into and out of the cell
Mitochondria
- Respiration
- Therfore releases energy
Ribosomes
Where proteins are made
Cell wall
Gives strength and support
Plant + Bacteria cells
Permanent Vacuole
- Found in plant cells
- Keeps shape turgid
Chloroplasts
- Found in plant cells
- Photosynthesis
- Absorbs light
Respiration
The chemical reaction which releases energy from glucose
Photosynthesis
Plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
Plasmids
Circular DNA found in bacteria
Microscope
Allows us to see things we can’t see with the naked eye
Magnification equation
Magnification = image size/real size
Differentiation
The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell which can differentiate into many different types of cell
Specialised cells
A cell which performs a specific function e.g. nerve cell
Chromosomes
Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Passed from parents to offspring
Mitosis
Type of cell division where two identical daughter cells are produced from one parent cell
Binary fission
Type of cell division carried out by bacteria cells
Diffusion
The spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis
The movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Active transport
The movement of particles against a concentration gradient (from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration)
