Cell Biology + Inheritance Flashcards
What are chloroplast?
An organelle within the cells of plants and certain types of algae, that is the site of photosynthesis.
What is the cytoplasm?
Gelatinous liquid made from cytosol that fills the inside of a cell. That serves as a medium for chemical reactions and provides structural support.
What are lysosomes?
A membrane bound cell organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes
What does the cell membrane do?
Provides protection for the cell.
Controls the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment
allows cell to cell communication
What are mitochondria?
Membrane bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy.
What is the nucleus?
The structure in a cell that contains chromosomes.
What are reticulum cells?
Structural and immune accessory cells contained in peripheral lymphatic organs.
What are ribosomes?
The cellular machinery for making proteins.
What is the vaccuole?
Membrane bound cell organelles that help to maintain water balance.
What does the nucleolus produce?
Ribosomes and RNA
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum called?
Rough and smooth
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Processes proteins made by the ribosomes on the surface.
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
Involved in the production, processing and storage of lipids, carbohydrates and steroids.
Why id the rough endoplasmic reticulum called the ‘rough’ endoplasmic reticulum?
Because the surface of it is covered in membrane bound ribosomes.
What do the membrane bound ribosomes do on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Assembles many protiens. (translation) By taking polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol, recognising a ‘destination label’
What do lysosomes do?
Destroy foreign materials inside or outside the cell
Breakdown material ingested by phagocytic cells
Release enzymes outside the cell
Digest worn out organelles (autophagy)
Break down cells after they have died
What are the two types of lysosome called?
Secretory lysosomes and conventional lysosomes.
What do conventional lysosomes do?
Involved in the dismantling and recycling of various substrates presented to them through endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagosomes.
What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
Flattened sacs of membrane.
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
To modify and package proteins into vesicles or lysosomes
What are microfilaments?
One of the main things that make up the cytoskeleton of cytoplasm.
They are solid strands that are mostly made up of actin (a protien)
What can microfilaments do?
They can cause some cell movement and the movement of some organelles within cells by moving against each other.
What are centrioles?
A pair of short hollow cylinders (microtubules) that are usually found near the nucleus of an animal cell.
What is the function of centrioles?
They move chromosomes around during cell division, by forming fibers called spindles.
