Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANMAN YR2 > Cell Biology + Inheritance > Flashcards

Cell Biology + Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

What are chloroplast?

A

An organelle within the cells of plants and certain types of algae, that is the site of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Gelatinous liquid made from cytosol that fills the inside of a cell. That serves as a medium for chemical reactions and provides structural support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

A membrane bound cell organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Provides protection for the cell.
Controls the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment
allows cell to cell communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Membrane bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The structure in a cell that contains chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are reticulum cells?

A

Structural and immune accessory cells contained in peripheral lymphatic organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

The cellular machinery for making proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the vaccuole?

A

Membrane bound cell organelles that help to maintain water balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the nucleolus produce?

A

Ribosomes and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum called?

A

Rough and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Processes proteins made by the ribosomes on the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Involved in the production, processing and storage of lipids, carbohydrates and steroids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why id the rough endoplasmic reticulum called the ‘rough’ endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Because the surface of it is covered in membrane bound ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the membrane bound ribosomes do on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Assembles many protiens. (translation) By taking polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol, recognising a ‘destination label’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Destroy foreign materials inside or outside the cell
Breakdown material ingested by phagocytic cells
Release enzymes outside the cell
Digest worn out organelles (autophagy)
Break down cells after they have died

17
Q

What are the two types of lysosome called?

A

Secretory lysosomes and conventional lysosomes.

18
Q

What do conventional lysosomes do?

A

Involved in the dismantling and recycling of various substrates presented to them through endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagosomes.

19
Q

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

A

Flattened sacs of membrane.

20
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

To modify and package proteins into vesicles or lysosomes

21
Q

What are microfilaments?

A

One of the main things that make up the cytoskeleton of cytoplasm.
They are solid strands that are mostly made up of actin (a protien)

22
Q

What can microfilaments do?

A

They can cause some cell movement and the movement of some organelles within cells by moving against each other.

23
Q

What are centrioles?

A

A pair of short hollow cylinders (microtubules) that are usually found near the nucleus of an animal cell.

24
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

They move chromosomes around during cell division, by forming fibers called spindles.

25
Q

What is the structure of flagellum?

A

A tail like extension made from long microtubules

26
Q

What is the function of a flagella?

A

To allow a cell to move/ provide movement to a cell

27
Q

What is the structure of cilia?

A

Hair like projections that are made from microtubules.

28
Q

What do cilia do?

A

Allow the movement of substances over the cell surface

29
Q

What is the vacuole used for?

A

Storage of either nutrients, necessary protiens or dangerous substances.

30
Q

What do ribosomes consist of?

A

RNA and proteins. Each ribosome is composed of two subunits - a larger one and a smaller one.

31
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

They are responsible for protein synthesis by translating genetic code from the nucleus into functional proteins

32
Q

How is has a erythrocyte specialised?

A

No nucleus - larger surface area - more area to carry hemoglobin (which binds to the oxygen)
Do not divide or carry DNA
Biconcave shape

33
Q

How is a neuron specialised?

A

Long axon - to move the impulse from one part of the body to another
Dendrites - Have lots of dendrites that contact other nerves. (synapses)
Insulation - Myelin sheath insulates the axon

ANMAN YR2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions