cell biology COPY Flashcards
how many bonds to oxygen, nitrogen and carbon typically make
2,3,4
A double bond between two atom prevents
rotation around this bond
weak noncovalant bonds allow for
surface interactions of molecules
Biomolecules containing polar and ionic bonds often tend to be_____ while those containing non-polar bonds tend to be hydrophobic.
hydrophilic
amphipathic.
A single molecule can contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains
Molecules that _____ protons to water to form H3O+ are ___
donate, acids
Molecules that ____ H + ions from water (solution) are ___
remove, bases
protonation means
donation of protons to the compound.
phosphates typically interact well with
water and charged protein surfaces
phosphates are —- ——-
polar and charged
when phosphate and carboxyl group is _____ it releases _____
hydrolyzed, large amount of energy
what are 3 common chemica groups for proteins and nucleic acids
amnines, alcohol, carboxylic acid groups
Reactions that build polymers from monomers and liberate water in the process are known as:
condensation reactions
what is a product od a condensation reaction
OH + H ->water
what polymers are created through condensation reactions
polysaccharide, proteins, and nucleic acids
two monosaccarides creaate _____ by _____
a disaccharide (a polymer) by condensation
Sugars can exist in
___________different which may be recognized _____
stereoisomers, differently.
the polymer backbone of a sugar can be _____
branched
what are some exaples of dissaccarides
maltose, lactose, sucrose
oligosaccharides are
short chains or repeating units or sugar
fatty acids are _______
amphipathic
lipds are important to ______ and ______
membranes and steroid hormones
______ are the main constituent of membranes _______ and ______ are also found in
membranes
Phospholipids Polyisopreniods
and glycolipids
whats makes up a phospholipid head and tail
head- polar group, phosphate, glycerol
tail hydrophobic fatty acid
Proteins = amino acids _____ in a series of _________ reactions.
polymerized, condensation
A peptide chain, like each amino acid has an _______ end and a _______ end
NH2 (amino) end and a COOH (carboxyl) end
