Cell Biology chapter 6

Question 1

Define energy?

Answer 1

the ability to do work

Question 2

Energy that is utilized at that exact instant is refered to as what?

Answer 2

kenetic energy

Question 3

Energy that has the potential to be used later is referred to as what?

Answer 3

potential energy

Question 4

What three major compounds in the human body are examples of potential energy?

Answer 4

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Question 5

What triggers the activation of potential energy found in food?

Answer 5

digestion

Question 6

Define thermodynamics?

Answer 6

the study of energy transformations

Question 7

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 8

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 8

entropy

Question 9

define entropy?

Answer 9

the loss of usable energy across the transformation of energy forms

Question 10

What is an example of the open system that will utilize entropy?

Answer 10

the human body

Question 11

As the human body ages the efficiency of transfer does what?

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

Carbohydrates are consumed, then digested into the muscle tissues for aid in contraction. heat is also produced as a byproducts. what does this prove?

Answer 12

entropy, the main transfer of energy is from carbohydrate potential energy into kinetic energy of muscle contraction. Heat is the loss of useable energy

Question 13

what type of reactions build things up?

Answer 13

anabolic

Question 14

what is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Answer 14

the use of anabolic hormones to aid in muscle tissue growth

Question 15

what is a reaction called when it tears things apart?

Answer 15

catabolic

Question 16

what kind of reactions have more potential energy in the reactants than the products, and energy is released at the end?

Answer 16

exergonic reactions

Question 17

what is an example of exergonic reactions?

Answer 17

aerobic cellular respiration

Question 18

what type of reactions have more potential energy in the products than the reactants, and no ATP is given off at the end?

Answer 18

endergonic reactions

Question 19

what is an example of an endergonic reaction?

Answer 19

photosynthesis

Question 20

endergonic reactions are examples of ____?

Answer 20

anabolic reactions

Question 21

exergonic reactions are examples of _____?

Answer 21

catabolic reactions

Question 22

when utilizing the first bond of ATP what is given off and what is left?

Answer 22

the first phosphate group is given, and Adenosine diphosphate is produced

Question 23

when utilizing the second bond of ATP what is given off and what is left?

Answer 23

The second phosphate group is given, and Adenosine monophosphate is produced

Question 24

what is it called when a phosphate is given to a molecule?

Answer 24

phosphorylation

Question 25

Enzymes are what level of proteins?

Answer 25

tertiary, and globular in shape

Question 26

What enzyme is utilized to speed up the conversion of sucrose to energy?

Answer 26

sucrase

Question 27

What genetic disease is caused by the disfunction or lack of metabolic pathways in the blood?

Answer 27

hemophilia, due to the lack of

Question 28

define feedback inhibition?

Answer 28

the initial product of an enzymatic reaction inhibits the production of the same molecule by restricting binding at the active site

Question 29

define energy activation?

Answer 29

the energy required to start the metabolic process of the reaction, remember the mountain and hill example

Question 30

define degradation?

Answer 30

a single substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme but when production stops it is then split into two substrates

Question 31

what type of reaction is degradation?

Answer 31

catabolic, exergonic or hydrolysis

Question 32

when the two substrates are joined back together what type of reaction?

Answer 32

endergonic, anabolic, or dehydration synthesis

Question 33

enzyme activity increases as the ____ increases, but also decreases as the ____ decreases?

Answer 33

substrate concentration

Question 34

Enzyme activity as increases as _____increases, to an extent?

Answer 34

temperature

Question 35

When temperature increases to high what happens?

Answer 35

denaturization

Question 36

define competitive inhibition?

Answer 36

the substrate and inhibitor both can bind at the active site and compete for the active site

Question 37

define non competitive inhibition?

Answer 37

the inhibitor does not bind at the active site, but at an allosteric site. When binding at the allosteric site it changes the shape not allowing for binding

Question 38

cyanide poison inhibits what?

Answer 38

cellular resperation

Question 39

Warfarin poison inhibits what?

Answer 39

blood clotting in the medical form but in natural settings it is lethal

Question 40

Oxidation?

Answer 40

makes a molecule smaller, do to the reduction of hydrogen atoms, loss of electron

Question 41

reduction?

Answer 41

making a molecules larger, add electrons and hydrogen atoms