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Cell Biology exam #2 > Cell Biology chapter 5 > Flashcards

Cell Biology chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

All cells have have three basic parts, what are they?

A

Plasma Membrane, Cytosol, and genetic material in ribosomes

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2
Q

What is the plasma membrane known as?

A

Fluid mosaic model

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3
Q

What are the two major peices that make up the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids and embedded proteins

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4
Q

plants have two barriers what are they?

A

cell wall, and plasma membrane

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5
Q

Animals have how many barriers?

A

one, just the plasma membrane

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6
Q

The plasma membrane is made up of what?

A

chitin

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7
Q

The plasma membrane is ___ Permeable?

A

Semi

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8
Q

What is the name of the folded membranes inside the mitocondria?

A

cristae

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8
Q

What is the name of the folded membranes inside the mitocondria?

A

cristae

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9
Q

what is function of cristae?

A

to aid in the production of ATP

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10
Q

Membranes in the golgi-body specify in what?

A

receiving proteins and lipids, then adding a phosphate group to them

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11
Q

What transports the pinched off pieces of the ER so that carbohydrates can be added to them?

A

Vesicles

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12
Q

Protein transporters can move ____solutes with the concentration gradient freely, this is ____ transport?

A

small, passive

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12
Q

Protein transporters can move ____solutes with the concentration gradient freely, this is ____ transport?

A

small, passive

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13
Q

Larger molecules that move against the gradient require ____ transport?

A

active

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14
Q

Channel proteins that move water across cells are called what?

A

Aquaporins

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15
Q

What type of transport are aquaporins?

A

passive transport

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16
Q

Areas in the presence of intermediate filaments are called what?

A

adhesion junctions

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16
Q

Protein Anchors hold areas in place by the use of?

A

intermediate filaments

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17
Q

Proteins receptors will function in what?

A

regulating and removing non self materials

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18
Q

Low density lipoprotein is an example of a protein receptor, what does it regulate?

A

Bad cholesterol

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19
Q

When a persons LDL is damaged or is disfunctional what genetic disease will occur?

A

Hypercholesterolemia

20
Q

Junction proteins have two major kinds what are they?

A

tight junctions and anchoring junctions

21
Q

What is a synonymous term for anchoring junctions?

A

adhesion junctions

22
Q

What organs can tight junction most commonly be found?

A

kidneys, bladder, and intestines

23
Q

What organs can adhesion junctions most commonly be found?

A

heart, and stomach

24
Q

What three common substances can pass across any boundary without ATP?

A

oxygen, carbon, and water

25
Q

What is bulk transport split into?

A

exocytosis, and endocytosis

26
Q

Exocytosis does what with molecules?

A

removes them from the cell

27
Q

Endocytosis does what with molecules

A

brings them into the cell

28
Q

What is the solvent of living systems?

A

water

29
Q

What are the four types of passive transport?

A

Bulk flow, osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion

30
Q

define bulk flow?

A

Molecules are coordinately moved from high to low concentration by aided by gravity

31
Q

define Diffusion?

A

the random movement of molecules back forth until dynamic equilibrium is reached

32
Q

define facilitated diffusion?

A

spontaneous movement of molecules across the membrane by aid of integral proteins

33
Q

define isotonic?

A

solute and water concentration are equal on both sides of the membrane

34
Q

define hypotonic?

A

more water concentration outside the cell and less solute concentration inside the cell

35
Q

define hypertonic

A

more solute concentration outside the cell and water inside the cell

36
Q

hypotonic solutions can cause what?

A

cell bursting or lysis

37
Q

hypertonic solutions can cause what?

A

cell shriveling or crenation

38
Q

Mammals hate the hypotonic environments but what animal thrives in them?

A

fish

39
Q

when plants are placed in a hypertonic environment what occurs?

A

plasmolysis

40
Q

what kind of molecules require active transport?

A

large molecules and charged ions

41
Q

what is the example of active transport in the human body?

A

sodium potassium pump

42
Q

What are the three forms of endocytosis?

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis

43
Q

What is an example of phagocytosis in the human body?

A

cells take bacteria and viruses into the cell so they can destroy then eat them

44
Q

what is the function of elastin?

A

to allow for stretching of the membrane and protect it from snapping?

45
Q

what is the function of collagen?

A

to provide structural support and avoid stretching of the membrane

46
Q

what is the function of fibronection?

A

acts as a glue in the membrane

47
Q

what is the function of integrins?

A

to decipher molecules as they enter into the cell

48
Q

what is the main function of protoglycans?

A

to support the membrane from collapse and compression damage

49
Q

define plasmodesmata?

A

channels of cytoplasm between cells, act as gap junctions in plant cells

50
Q

what type of plants will utilize two cell walls, and what are they called?

A

woody plants, example is tree bark

51
Q

what creates the secondary cell wall in plants ?

A

lignin

Cell Biology exam #2 (3 decks)

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