Cell Biology chapter 5 Flashcards
All cells have have three basic parts, what are they?
Plasma Membrane, Cytosol, and genetic material in ribosomes
What is the plasma membrane known as?
Fluid mosaic model
What are the two major peices that make up the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids and embedded proteins
plants have two barriers what are they?
cell wall, and plasma membrane
Animals have how many barriers?
one, just the plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is made up of what?
chitin
The plasma membrane is ___ Permeable?
Semi
What is the name of the folded membranes inside the mitocondria?
cristae
What is the name of the folded membranes inside the mitocondria?
cristae
what is function of cristae?
to aid in the production of ATP
Membranes in the golgi-body specify in what?
receiving proteins and lipids, then adding a phosphate group to them
What transports the pinched off pieces of the ER so that carbohydrates can be added to them?
Vesicles
Protein transporters can move ____solutes with the concentration gradient freely, this is ____ transport?
small, passive
Protein transporters can move ____solutes with the concentration gradient freely, this is ____ transport?
small, passive
Larger molecules that move against the gradient require ____ transport?
active
Channel proteins that move water across cells are called what?
Aquaporins
What type of transport are aquaporins?
passive transport
Areas in the presence of intermediate filaments are called what?
adhesion junctions
Protein Anchors hold areas in place by the use of?
intermediate filaments
Proteins receptors will function in what?
regulating and removing non self materials
Low density lipoprotein is an example of a protein receptor, what does it regulate?
Bad cholesterol
When a persons LDL is damaged or is disfunctional what genetic disease will occur?
Hypercholesterolemia
Junction proteins have two major kinds what are they?
tight junctions and anchoring junctions
What is a synonymous term for anchoring junctions?
adhesion junctions
What organs can tight junction most commonly be found?
kidneys, bladder, and intestines
What organs can adhesion junctions most commonly be found?
heart, and stomach
What three common substances can pass across any boundary without ATP?
oxygen, carbon, and water
What is bulk transport split into?
exocytosis, and endocytosis
Exocytosis does what with molecules?
removes them from the cell
Endocytosis does what with molecules
brings them into the cell
What is the solvent of living systems?
water
What are the four types of passive transport?
Bulk flow, osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion
define bulk flow?
Molecules are coordinately moved from high to low concentration by aided by gravity
define Diffusion?
the random movement of molecules back forth until dynamic equilibrium is reached
define facilitated diffusion?
spontaneous movement of molecules across the membrane by aid of integral proteins
define isotonic?
solute and water concentration are equal on both sides of the membrane
define hypotonic?
more water concentration outside the cell and less solute concentration inside the cell
define hypertonic
more solute concentration outside the cell and water inside the cell
hypotonic solutions can cause what?
cell bursting or lysis
hypertonic solutions can cause what?
cell shriveling or crenation
Mammals hate the hypotonic environments but what animal thrives in them?
fish
when plants are placed in a hypertonic environment what occurs?
plasmolysis
what kind of molecules require active transport?
large molecules and charged ions
what is the example of active transport in the human body?
sodium potassium pump
What are the three forms of endocytosis?
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis
What is an example of phagocytosis in the human body?
cells take bacteria and viruses into the cell so they can destroy then eat them
what is the function of elastin?
to allow for stretching of the membrane and protect it from snapping?
what is the function of collagen?
to provide structural support and avoid stretching of the membrane
what is the function of fibronection?
acts as a glue in the membrane
what is the function of integrins?
to decipher molecules as they enter into the cell
what is the main function of protoglycans?
to support the membrane from collapse and compression damage
define plasmodesmata?
channels of cytoplasm between cells, act as gap junctions in plant cells
what type of plants will utilize two cell walls, and what are they called?
woody plants, example is tree bark
what creates the secondary cell wall in plants ?
lignin
