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GSCE biology > Cell biology: Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell biology: Cell structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by the term eukaroyote

A

a cell that has genetic material encolsed within a nucleus

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2
Q

Define prokaroyte

A

a cell that’s genetic info is not enclosed in a nucleus

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3
Q

Give an example of a eukaroyte

A

Plant cell
Animal cell

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4
Q

Give an example of a prokaroyte

A

Bacterial cell

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5
Q

Define organelle

A

a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs in the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of a nucelus

A

stores genetic infomation (like DNA)
controls activity of the cell

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7
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm

A

area where chemical reactions occur

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8
Q

what it is function of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis (makes proteins)

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9
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

produces ATP energy

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell membranes

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of cell wall

A

gives the plant strength
keeps it upright

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12
Q

What is the function vacoule

A

It stores cell sap
improves cell rigidity

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13
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is a plasmid

A

small ring of DNA

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15
Q

What is teh role of flagella

A

Helps the bacterial cell move

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16
Q

How else in DNA stored in Bacteria

A

Loop of DNA

17
Q

List the organlles in a bactetial cell

A

Plasmids
Loop of DNA
Ribosomes
Flagella (sometimes)
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

18
Q

What is the cell wall of plant made from

A

celloulose

19
Q

How is a sperm speaclised

A

Flagella: to help it swim

acrosome: enzymes that helps it penetrate the egg

streamlined: to help it swim

mitochondria: lots of mitochondira to provide it with ATP energy for movement

20
Q

How is a nerve cell specalised

A

axon is long to carry impulses

Dendrities: helps form connections with other nerves

Lots of mitochondria: to supply energy to make neurotransmitters

21
Q

How is a muscle cell speclaised

A

Special protiens: which help it contract and relax

Lots of mitochondria: to provide ATP energy from respiratiion to help it contract

Stores glycogen

22
Q

How are root hair cells speaclised

A

Large surface area : via the many root hairs, so that water can move

Lots of mitochondria: to facilate active transporst by providing ATP energy

23
Q

How is the xylem speaclised

A

Lignin: provides strength to withstand water pressure

Has no end walls: to provide a continous tube so water and ions can move up and down

Hollow: for mobement of water

24
Q

How is the phloem specalised

A

Sieve plates: allows movement of ions from cell to cell

companion cells: packed with mitochondira to keep the phloem alive

GSCE biology (3 decks)

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