Cell biology: Cell structure Flashcards
What is meant by the term eukaroyote
a cell that has genetic material encolsed within a nucleus
Define prokaroyte
a cell that’s genetic info is not enclosed in a nucleus
Give an example of a eukaroyte
Plant cell
Animal cell
Give an example of a prokaroyte
Bacterial cell
Define organelle
a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs in the cell
What is the function of a nucelus
stores genetic infomation (like DNA)
controls activity of the cell
what is the function of the cytoplasm
area where chemical reactions occur
what it is function of ribosomes
Protein synthesis (makes proteins)
what is the function of mitochondria
produces ATP energy
What is the function of the cell membranes
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of cell wall
gives the plant strength
keeps it upright
What is the function vacoule
It stores cell sap
improves cell rigidity
What is the function of a chloroplast
site of photosynthesis
What is a plasmid
small ring of DNA
What is teh role of flagella
Helps the bacterial cell move
How else in DNA stored in Bacteria
Loop of DNA
List the organlles in a bactetial cell
Plasmids
Loop of DNA
Ribosomes
Flagella (sometimes)
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
What is the cell wall of plant made from
celloulose
How is a sperm speaclised
Flagella: to help it swim
acrosome: enzymes that helps it penetrate the egg
streamlined: to help it swim
mitochondria: lots of mitochondira to provide it with ATP energy for movement
How is a nerve cell specalised
axon is long to carry impulses
Dendrities: helps form connections with other nerves
Lots of mitochondria: to supply energy to make neurotransmitters
How is a muscle cell speclaised
Special protiens: which help it contract and relax
Lots of mitochondria: to provide ATP energy from respiratiion to help it contract
Stores glycogen
How are root hair cells speaclised
Large surface area : via the many root hairs, so that water can move
Lots of mitochondria: to facilate active transporst by providing ATP energy
How is the xylem speaclised
Lignin: provides strength to withstand water pressure
Has no end walls: to provide a continous tube so water and ions can move up and down
Hollow: for mobement of water
How is the phloem specalised
Sieve plates: allows movement of ions from cell to cell
companion cells: packed with mitochondira to keep the phloem alive
